不同水炭处理对水稻抗倒伏能力及产量的影响

Effects of different water and biochar treatments on lodging resistance and yields of rice

为了分析土壤水分条件和生物炭添加对水稻茎秆性状、抗倒伏能力及产量的影响,2017年于涟水县水利科学研究站进行测坑试验,共设置轻旱控排W 1、重旱控排W 22种控水模式及无生物炭施加B 0、生物炭施加B 12种水平,生物炭施加水平为50 g/kg.结果表明,施加生物炭能改善水稻茎秆基部性状,通过缩短水稻茎秆基部节间长度、增大茎秆外径及壁厚,从而增强水稻茎秆的抗倒伏能力;另外,施加生物炭还可改善水稻产量构成因素(每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒质量)来实现增产.控水处理对水稻茎秆的抗倒伏能力和产量影响较小;水炭互作效应对水稻抗倒伏能力及产量有显著的影响,在W 1控水模式、生物炭施加B 1条件下,水稻的抗倒伏能力最强、产量最大.统筹考虑水稻抗倒伏能力和产量,W 1控水模式和生物炭施加B 1相结合是一种有效的稳产增产的种植模式.研究成果可为水稻生产提供有效的水炭管理技术支撑.

In order to study how to enhance the lodging resistance ability of rice stem,leaching-pond experiment was carried out in Lianshui Water Conservancy Research Institute in 2017.The experiment had two irrigation control modes(W 1 and W 2)and two biochar application levels(B 0:no biochar is added;B 1:biochar is added with a level of 50 g/kg)to analyze the effects of irrigation regime and biochar amendment on stem characters,lodging resistance and grain yields of rice.The results show that the application of biochar can improve the agronomic characteristics of rice stem.Compared with B 0 treatment,B 1 treatment shortens the internode length of rice stem base,and increases its outer dia-meter and wall thickness.The application of biochar also has significant effects on the cumulative da-mage energy,bending resistance and bending moment of the rice stem.In addition,the application of biochar could improve rice yield components(total grains per panicle,seed setting rate,1000-grain weight)to achieve yield increase.Irrigation control treatment has little effect on lodging resistance and yields of rice while the irrigation-biochar interaction effect had a remarkable positive influence on the latter.The most stem lodging resistance ability and highest values of yields are realized under the condition of W 1 irrigation control and the biochar application B 1.In summary,the results indicate that the W 1 irrigation control and the biochar application B 1 should be an effective planting pattern for improving stalk lodging resistance characteristics and yields of rice.This research result can provide effective irrigation-biochar management technology support for rice production in China in the future.