2018年北京市丰台区中小学生健康危险行为现状分析

Analysis of health risk behaviors among middle school and primary school students in Fengtai district of Beijing,2018

目的了解北京市丰台区中小学生健康危险行为现状,为卫生、教育部门及学校制定相关政策和干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取北京市丰台区7所学校共1450名学生进行问卷调查。采用描述性统计分析和χ2检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果过去一周,吃甜点及吃油炸食物报告率随学段升高有所增长(χ2=20.687,P=0.002;χ2=28.301,P<0.001),每天都吃早餐的报告率为74.97%;过去30 d,有22.62%的学生在校园或校园周边偶尔或经常受到欺凌及伤害;中小学生尝试吸烟率、现在吸烟率、被动吸烟和尝试饮酒报告率分别为9.52%、2.62%、82.38%和25.93%,尝试吸烟率、现在吸烟率、尝试饮酒等行为报告率随学段升高有所增长(χ2分别为148.827、165.339和129.486,P均<0.001);19.93%的学生经常上网,不上网时脑中浮现与上网有关事情,14.21%的学生希望增加上网时间满足自己的愿望,12.90%的学生多次想停止上网但不能控制自己,12.83%的学生为逃避现实摆脱困境才上网。结论学校和家庭应对中学生健康危险行为给予更多关注和引导,按照各年龄阶段危险行为发生的特点,有针对性地开展干预防控工作。

Objective To understand the health risk behaviors among middle school and primary school students in Fengtai district of Beijing,and to provide basis for making intervention policies.Method A total of 1450 students from 7 schools in Fengtai district of Beijing were investigated by stratified cluster sampling.Descriptive statistical analysis and chi square test were used.The test level wasα=0.05.Results In the past week,the reported rate of eating dessert and fried food increased with the increase of school period(Chi-square test values were 20.687 and 28.301 respectively,P<0.001),the reported rate of having breakfast every day was 74.97%.In the past 30 days,22.62% of students were bullied and injured occasionally or frequently on or near the campus;the reported rates of attempted smoking,current smoking,passive smoking and attempted drinking among primary and secondary school students were 9.52%,2.62%,82.38% and 25.93% respectively;the reported rates of attempted smoking,current smoking and attempted drinking increased with the increase of the school period(Chi-square test values were 148.827,165.339 and 129.486 respectively,P<0.001 respectively);19.93% of students used to surf the Internet,and think about things related to the Internet when they were not online,14.21% of the students wanted to increase their time online to meet their wishes,12.90% of students tried to stop surfing the Internet many times but couldn’t control themselves,and 12.83% of students used the Internet to escape from reality and get rid of difficulties.Conclusions Schools and families should pay more attention to and guide the health risk behaviors of middle school students,and take targeted intervention and prevention measures according to the characteristics of risk behaviors at different ages.