北京市职业人群睡眠不足现状及其影响因素分析

Research on insufficient sleep and influencing factors among the occupational population in Beijing

目的了解北京市职业人群睡眠不足现状及其影响因素,为改善职业人群睡眠状况提供科学依据。方法2018年6-9月,分阶段对北京市职业人群进行抽样,第一阶段采用分层抽样的方法,第二阶段采用方便抽样的方法,共抽取北京市12832名职工进行线上问卷调查。采用χ2检验比较不同性别、年龄段、文化程度、饮食行为、体育锻炼、吸烟、饮酒等职工睡眠不足的差异,采用Logistic回归方法进行多因素分析。结果北京市职业人群睡眠不足率为24.01%。男性睡眠不足率(25.78%)高于女性(22.77%)(χ^2=15.419,P<0.001)。Logistic分析结果显示,年龄、文化程度、单位所在地区、每周吃早餐频率、吃糕点甜食的频率、喝含糖饮料的频率、口味、吸烟和饮酒是北京市职业人群睡眠不足的危险因素。35~44岁人群和≥45岁人群睡眠不足率高于<35岁人群(OR=1.353,95%CI:1.224~1.497;OR=1.660,95%CI:1.488~1.851);初中及以下人群高于硕士及以上人群(OR=1.372,95%CI:1.105~1.702)、工作单位在城区人群高于郊区人群(OR=1.249,95%CI:1.147~1.360)、每周有2~5天吃早餐人群和≤1天吃早餐人群高于每周有6~7天吃早餐(OR=1.328,95%CI:1.208~1.460;OR=1.665,95%CI:1.380~2.009)、吃糕点甜食1天1次人群高于0~3天1次人群(OR=1.586,95%CI:1.205~2.086)、喝含糖饮料1天1次人群高于0~3天1次人群(OR=1.531,95%CI:1.238~1.892)、口味偏咸人群高于口味偏淡人群(OR=1.272,95%CI:1.147~1.411)、每天吸烟人群高于从不吸烟人群(OR=1.192,95%CI:1.057~1.345)、每天饮酒人群高于从不饮酒人群(OR=1.680,95%CI:1.291~2.185)。每周进行体育锻炼是睡眠不足的保护因素,每周体育锻炼1~3次和≥4次人群睡眠不足率低于从不锻炼人群(OR=0.544,95%CI:0.477~0.621;OR=0.655,95%CI:0.580~0.740)。结论北京市职业人群睡眠不足率较高,受年龄、文化程度、饮食、体育锻炼、吸烟、饮酒等多方面因素的影响,应采取综合干预措施改善职工睡眠状况。

Objective To investigate the prevalence situation and the influencing factors of insufficient sleep among the occupational population in Beijing and to provide scientific evidences for improving the sleep status.Methods From June to September 2018,we sampled the professional population in Beijing in stages.The first stage adopts the stratified sampling method,and the second stage adopts the convenient sampling method.A total of 12,832 employees in Beijing were selected for online questionnaire survey.Theχ2 test was used to compare the differences in insufficient sleep among employees of different genders,age groups,education levels,dietary behaviors,physical exercises,smoking,drinking,etc.Logistic regression method was used to analyze influencing factors.Results The report rate of insufficient sleep was 24.01%among the occupational population in Beijing.The male employees reported a significantly higher rate of insufficient sleep(25.78%)than female employees(22.77%)(χ^2=15.419,P<0.001).Logistic analysis revealed that age,education level,work location,frequency of eating breakfast,frequency of eating cakes and sweets,frequency of drinking sugary drinks per week,taste,smoking and drinking were risk factors of insufficient sleep among occupational population in Beijing.The prevalence rates of insufficient sleep among people 35-44 years old and those ≥45 years old were higher than that of people under 35 years old(OR=1.353,95%CI:1.224-1.497;OR=1.660,95%CI:1.488-1.851).The rate of people with junior high school and below was higher than that of people with master's degree and above(OR=1.372,95%CI:1.105-1.702).The rate of people working in urban areas was higher than that of people in suburbs(OR=1.249,95%CI:1.147-1.360).The rates of people who eat breakfast 2 to 5 days a week and those who eat breakfast≤1 day were higher than those who eat breakfast 6 to 7 days a week(OR=1.328,95%CI:1.208-1.460;OR=1.665,95%CI:1.380-2.009).The rate of people who eat cakes and sweets once a day was higher than that of people who eat once a day(OR=1.586,95%CI:1.205-2.086).The rate of people who drink sugary drinks once a day was higher than that of people who drink sugary drinks once a day(OR=1.531,95%CI:1.238-1.892).The rate of people with salty taste was higher than that of people with light taste(OR=1.272,95%CI:1.147-1.411).The rate of daily smokers was higher than that of people who never smoke(OR=1.192,95%CI:1.057-1.345),and the rate of people who drink every day was higher than that of people who never drink(OR=1.680,95%CI:1.291-2.185).Physical exercise every week was a protective factor of insufficient sleep.The rates of insufficient sleep among people who exercise 1-3 times and ≥4 times per week were lower than that of people who never exercise(OR=0.544,95%CI:0.477-0.621;OR=0.655,95%CI:0.580-0.740).Conclusions There is a high proportion of insufficient sleep among the occupational population in Beijing.Insufficient sleep is affected by many factors such as age,education,diet,physical exercise,smoking,and drinking,etc.Comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to improve the sleep status of occupational population.