不同年级本科护生死亡态度和死亡教育需求调查分析及对策

Investigation,analysis and countermeasures of death attitude and death education needs of undergraduate nursing students in different grades

目的比较分析不同年级本科护生死亡态度和死亡教育需求的变化规律。方法2019年3至6月,整群抽样某医学院2015至2018级护理本科生766人,采用中文版死亡态度描绘量表和死亡教育需求量表进行调查。使用统计软件SPSS 20.0进行统计学分析。计量资料行LSD检验,计数资料采用卡方检验。结果死亡恐惧、趋近导向死亡接受和逃离导向死亡接受三个死亡态度维度的得分从大一到大三呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05),大四回降,但较大三差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中性死亡接受维度得分从大一到大二显著下降(P=0.001),大三回升,大四升至与大一持平;死亡逃避维度得分在不同年级间差异无统计学意义(P=0.308);大四护生的死亡教育需求得分显著高于其他三个年级(P<0.05),且与中性死亡接受维度得分呈正相关(P=0.007)。结论随着年级的递增,护生的正性死亡态度呈现积极走向,但负性死亡态度趋势平稳;大四阶段亟待且适合开展死亡教育干预。

Objective To comparatively analyze the changes regulation of death attitude and death education needs for undergraduate nursing students in different grades.Methods From March to June in 2019,766 undergraduate nursing students from Batch 2015 to Batch 2018 of a medical college were collected in cluster sampling.The investigation was conducted by using the scale of Death Attitude Profile-revised in Chinese version and the scale of death education needs.SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis,LSD test for measurement data,and chi-square test for counting data.Results There were increasing trends of scores from freshman to junior in dimensions of fear of death,approach-oriented death acceptance and escape-oriented death acceptance(P<0.05),and the scores decreased in senior,but without statistical difference compared with junior(P>0.05).In neutral death acceptance dimension,the score decreased significantly in the second year(P=0.001),and then returned back to the original level in the fourth year.No significantly statistical difference was found in scores of different grades in death escape dimension(P=0.038).The score of death education need in the fourth year was the highest(P<0.05)and was positively correlated with the score of neutral death acceptance dimension(P=0.007).Conclusion With the increase of school year,nursing students'positive attitude for death demonstrates positive trend,while the level of negative attitude of death are becoming balanced.The fourth year is suggested to be the right time to conduct death education immediately.