地图集:重构复杂非线性地理世界的“百科全书”

Atlas: The “Encyclopedia” of Reconstructing Complex Nonlinear Geographical World

地图学是一门经过数千年的演进发展形成的科学,地图(地图集)是地图科学研究的主阵地,是任何时代和社会都不可或缺的,对人们的工作、学习和生活具有重要作用和意义。首先,简要论述了地图学作为一门科学的社会实践和科学实践的演进发展规律,以及地图集的特点;然后,从哲学角度分析与论述了地图是怎样重构复杂非线性地理世界的(实现由"地理世界"到"地图世界"的转变),人们是怎样利用地图进一步认识复杂非线性地理世界的(实现由"地图世界"到"地理世界"的转变),提出了基于传感器网络的由"感知的地理世界"到"重构的地理世界"再到"认知的地理世界"、指导行动并反馈信息的"双向"转变的认知模式;最后,论述了地图集作为重构复杂非线性地理世界的"百科全书"的作用,举例说明了中国改革开放以来地图集的快速发展和水平的大幅提升,并阐明人工智能时代中国地图集成果将比以往任何时候都更加兴旺发达,地图集作为人们进一步认知复杂非线性地理世界的"百科全书"的功能作用将比以往任何时候都更加强大。

Cartography is a science formed after thousands of years of evolution and development. Maps(atlases), as the main position of map science research, are indispensable in any era and society, and are essential for people’s work, study and life. We first briefly expounded the evolution and development law of cartography which is regarded as a scientific social practice and scientific practice, as well as the characteristics of atlas. Then, from a philosophical point of view, we analyzed and discussed how maps reconstruct complex nonlinear geographical world(realizing the transition from "geographical world" to "map world"), how people use maps to further understand the complex nonlinear geographi-cal world(realizing the transition from "map world" to "geographical world"). We proposed a sensor-network-based cognitive model of the "two-way" transition, which is from the "perceived geographical world" to the "reconstructed geo-graphical world" and then to the "cognitive geographical world" to guide actions and feed back information. We finally discussed the role of atlas as an "encyclopedia" for reconstructing complex nonlinear geographical world, illustrated the rapid development and significant improvement of atlas since China’s reform and opening-up, and clarified that in the era of artificial intelligence, the achievement of atlases in China will be more prosperous than ever before. As an "encyclopedia" for people to further understand the complex nonlinear geographical world, maps will play a more powerful role than ever before.