2011-2019年云南省消除疟疾阶段疫情特征分析

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of malaria elimination in Yunnan Province from 2011 to 2019

目的分析云南省消除疟疾阶段疫情及其流行特征,为巩固全省消除疟疾成果,制定有效的防止疟疾再传播方案提供依据。方法收集整理消除疟疾阶段(2011-2019年)云南省疫情资料,使用Microsoft对疟原虫种构成、感染来源、病例发生时间、地区和人群三间分布进行统计分析。结果云南省消除疟疾阶段共报告5254例疟疾病例,病例数逐年减少,自2016年报告最后1例本地感染病例至今无本地感染病例报告。报告病例数中间日疟、恶性疟、三日疟和卵形疟分别占报告病例数的80.22%、18.06%、0.25%和0.19%;输入病例数(4566例)中,境外输入病例4562例,国内输入病例4例。境外感染来源以缅甸感染为主,非洲次之,分别占境外输入病例的89.85%和6.69%。全年均有疟疾病例报告,其中本地病例报告高峰为6月,境外输入病例报告高峰为5~6月;病例主要分布在德宏、保山、临沧、昆明和普洱5个州市,其中德宏州、保山市分别占全省总数的45.09%和27.41%;报告病例中,男女性别比为5.03:1,以18~45岁人群为主(占72.86%);职业分布以农民和民工为主,分别占67.66%和16.54%。结论云南省已连续3年无本地感染病例,且全省报告病例数逐年减少,但应加强输入性疫情的监测和处置。

Objective To analyze the status and epidemiological characteristics of malaria elimination in Yunnan Province in order to ensure the effectiveness of malaria elimination in Yunnan Province and to formulate an effective program to prevent further transmission of malaria.Methods Epidemiological data were collected and compiled during malaria elimination(2011-2019)in Yunnan Province.The composition of Plasmodium species,the source of infection,when cases occurred,and the distribution among regions and populations were analyzed using Microsoft Excel.Results A total of 5,254 malaria cases were reported in Yunnan Province during malaria elimination,and the number of cases decreased each year.Since the last autochthonous case was reported in 2016,no autochthonous cases have been reported.P.vivax accounted for 80.22%of the reported cases,P.falciparum accounted for 18.06%,P.malariae accounted for 0.25%,and P.ovale accounted for 0.25%.Of the imported cases(4,566),4,562 cases were imported from abroad and 4 were from other provinces in China.The main source of imported infection was Myanmar(89.85%),followed by Africa(6.69%).Malaria cases were reported throughout the year,with reports of autochthonous cases peaking in June;imported cases peaked from May to June.The cases were mainly distributed in Dehong,Baoshan,Lincang,Kunming,and Pu’er.Dehong accounted for 45.09%of the total number of malaria cases in the province while Baoshan accounted for 27.41%.The ratio of males to females was 5.03:1.Individuals affected were mainly 18-45 years of age(72.86%);Farmers accounted for 67.66%of affected individuals while migrant workers accounted for 16.54%.Conclusion There have been no autochthonous cases of malaria in Yunnan Province for three consecutive years,and the number of reported cases in Yunnan Province has decreased each year,but the surveillance and treatment of imported malaria should be enhanced.