核酸适配体传感器在四环素类抗生素检测中的应用

Application of nucleic acid aptamer sensor in tetracycline antibiotics detection

四环素类抗生素作为一类广谱抗生素被广泛用于控制细菌感染,由于其化学性质相对稳定,超量使用和不当处理均会导致其在土壤、水体、食品中的残留严重,给人类公共健康带来重大威胁。检测四环素类抗生素所采用的方法通常为高效液相色谱法、免疫分析法等,这些方法具有耗时长、操作步骤复杂、成本高等局限性,因而开发敏感、快捷、经济的检测方法尤为重要。核酸适配体作为一种新型生物识别分子,具有亲和力高、稳定性强、制备成本低、特异性强等明显优势,被广泛应用于食品安全、环境监测、生物医药等多个领域,在四环素类抗生素的快速分析中占有重要地位。本文主要综述了用于四环素类抗生素检测的核酸适配体传感器,主要包括荧光、比色、电化学、表面等离子体共振、表面增强拉曼光谱等适配体传感器,并阐述了适配体传感器最新研究进展以及各种方法的优缺点。

As a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics, tetracycline antibiotics are widely used in the control of bacterial infections. Due to its relatively stable chemical properties, excessive use and improper treatment will lead to serious residues in soil, water and food, which will pose a major threat to human public health. Generally, the methods used to detect tetracycline antibiotics are high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and immunoassay, etc. These methods are time-consuming, complicated and costly, so it is particularly important to develop sensitive, fast and economical detection methods. As a new type of biometric molecule, nucleic acid aptamer has obvious advantages such as high affinity, strong stability, low preparation cost and strong specificity, which has been widely used in food safety, environmental monitoring, biomedicine and other fields, and plays an important role in the rapid analysis of tetracycline antibiotics. This paper summarized the aptamer sensors for detection of tetracycline antibiotics, including fluorescence, colorimetric, electrochemistry, surface plasmon resonance, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, etc, and described the latest research progress of aptasensor and the advantages and disadvantages of various methods.