论民政工作传统及其与社会工作的历史关系——基于中国特色社会工作体系建设的思考

On the Tradition of Civil Affairs and Its Historical Relationship with Social Work:Thinking on the Construction of Social Work System with Chinese Characteristics

自民国初期社会工作引入中国以来,社会工作与民政工作便结下了不解之缘。民国时期,民政工作作为内务工作在历届国民政府的重视下得以转型和现代化。南京国民政府时期,社会工作被纳入政府的社会福利体系中,与民政工作在组织上有所区分,功能上互补。大革命失败后,中国共产党在中央苏区和陕甘宁边区的政权建设中发展了民政工作传统,并在新中国成立后进入城市得以传承、延续,成为恢复重建后社会工作职业化和专业化的重要的工作情境。基于这种历史关系,构建中国特色社会工作体系必须要将民政工作传统及其与社会工作的历史关系加以重点考量。

Since the introduction of social work into China in the early Republic of China,social work and civil affairs have been inextricably linked.During the era,civil affairs,as a kind of internal affairs work,was transformed and modernized with the attention of all previous national governments.During the Period of Nanjing National Government,social work was incorporated into the government’s social welfare system,was different in its organization and was complementary in its function.After the failure of the Great Revolution,Communist Party of China developed the tradition of civil affairs in the construction of political power in the Central Soviet-style Area and Shanxi-Gansu-Ningsia border area,and inherited and continued it in the cities after the founding of new China,which became an important working situation for the professionalization and specialization of social work after its restoration and reconstruction.Therefore,the construction of social work system with Chinese characteristics must take the tradition of civil affairs work and its historical relationship with social work into special consideration.