“待诏”现象的现代公共管理启示

Modern Public Administration Inspiration of“Daizhao”Phenomenon

本文对“待诏”的历史源流进行概要梳理,发现“待诏”在清朝从中高级官吏变成了市井工匠“理发师”,并对出现这种现象的历史文化原因及过程进行了简要探讨,揭示出“待诏”在清朝出现这种变化与社会统治向社会管理和社会治理模式转变的历史趋势和原因。进而提出构建“现代国家治理体系”过程中,如何以史为鉴,打破尖锐对立的简单“官”“民”二元对立结构,通过借助“第三部门”的力量,有效率而可持续地解决政府和纯私营部门“不愿做、做不好或不可长期持续做”的社会“老大难”问题,提高社会的和谐度。

This paper studies the historical origin and evolution of“daizhao”,finds that in the Qing Dynasty,“daizhao”became common artisan“barbers”from middle and high rank officials,briefly discusses the historical and cultural causes and processes for this phenomenon,reveals that the change of“daizhao”in the Qing Dynasty is related to the historical tendency of social rule transformation into social administration and social governance mode,and further points out that in the process of the construction of modern national governance system,how to use the history as a reference to break the intense relative opposite simple dual structure of“officials”and“civilian workers”efficiently and sustainably deals with the social problems of“unwilling to do,unable to do better or unable to do sustainably”between governments and pure private departments by taking the advantage of the power of“the third department”so as to promote the degree of social harmony.