中国高端人才布局与流动特征研究--以长江学者特聘教授为例

The Distribution and Flow of Top Research Talents in China——Take the Yangtze River Scholars in China for Example

高端人才是推动国家科技进步的关键群体,其布局和流动对区域发展具有重要影响。通过对教育部长江学者特聘教授布局和流动特点的多维比较研究发现,中国高端人才呈“中心—外围”式布局,且这一特征主要源于学者在入选人才计划前的流动。高端人才流动具有阶段性特征,在入选人才计划后,学者向外围流动的偏好较入选前有所增强,但规模有限。中西部和东北部等地区的人才困局不仅仅体现于高端人才不足,更体现于较小的研发人员队伍规模以及相对封闭的高端学术劳动力市场。研究结果对理解中国高端人才配置效率、实施差异化的人才制度、完善既有人才管理政策具有积极的参考价值。

Top research talents are the key group to promote the progress of national science and technology,and their distribution and flow have an important impact on regional development.Based on the multidimensional comparative analysis of the distribution and flow characteristics of the Yangtze River Scholars in China,it was found that the top research talents presented a“center-periphery”distribution,which was mainly formed before the top titles obtained.The flow preferences of the top research talents showed a phased feature.The preference of flowing to the periphery was increased after researchers obtained the top titles,whereas the total number was very limited.The talents dilemma in the Midwest and Northeast in China is not only reflected in the shortage of top research talents,but also in the small scale of R&D personnel,as well as the relatively closed academic labor market.These findings provide positive reference for understanding the efficiency of the allocation of top research talents in China,implementing a differentiated talent system,as well as promoting the existing talent management policies.