大学、公共研究机构及企业对产学研合作问题的认知差异--基于日本深度访谈的文本分析

The Cognitive Differences of the Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Problem Between Universities,Public Research Institutions and Enterprises——A Text Analysis Based on In-depth Interviews in Japan

基于日本深度访谈的文本数据,本文从自我评价和合作伙伴评价两个角度出发,探讨日本的大学、公共研究机构及企业在产学研合作中存在的问题,并进一步比较分析合作方的公认问题以及在合作意识、合作效率和成果处理方面的认知差异。研究结果表明:产学研合作协调员不足和合作成果评价不完善是大学、公共研究机构及企业公认的重要问题,并且存在以下认知差异:①在合作意识方面,追求利益最大化的企业与大学、公共研究机构看待产学研合作的观念不同,大学和公共研究机构倾向于开展长期合作的基础研究,企业则倾向于开展有速度感能够商业化的短期合作;②在合作效率方面,产学研合作方对经费、资源的理解存在分歧,以至于很难形成稳定的研究体系,影响了产学研合作效率;③在知识产权处理方面,大学、公共研究机构及企业对于合作成果的价值及利益分配的认定存在分歧,主要表现为大学和公共研究机构倾向于以论文发表形式对研究成果进行公开,企业则为了维持竞争优势倾向于不公开。

Based on the text data of in-depth interviews in Japan,this paper discusses the problems existing in the industry-university-institute cooperation between enterprises,universities,and research institutes in Japan from the perspectives of self-evaluation and partner evaluation,and further comparatively analyzes the recognized problems of the partners and the cognitive differences in cooperation consciousness,cooperation efficiency and results processing.The research result indicates that insufficient coordinators and imperfect result evaluation of industry-university-institute cooperation are important issues recognized by universities,public research institutions and enterprises,and there are three cognitive differences.First,in terms of cooperation consciousness,enterprises pursuing maximum profit are different from universities and public research institutions in regards to industry-university-institute cooperation.Universities and public research institutions tend to carry out long-term cooperative basic research,and enterprises tend to develop short-term cooperation with a sense of speed that can be commercialized.Second,in terms of cooperation efficiency,there are differences in the understanding of funding and resources among enterprise,university and institute partners,so that it is difficult to form a stable research system,which affects the efficiency of industry-university-institute cooperation.Third,regarding the handling of intellectual property rights,universities,public research institutions and enterprises have different opinions on the value of cooperation results and the distribution of benefits.The main manifestations are that universities and public research institutions tend to publish research results in the form of paper publication,while enterprises in order to maintain a competitive advantage,it tends to be undisclosed.Finally,this paper puts forward three suggestions,aiming to deepen the friendly cooperation between all parties of China s industry,university and research institute,and promote the deep integration of industry-university-institute cooperation.