论法定犯中扩张解释的限制适用

On the Restrictive Application on Expansion Interpretation of Mala Prohibita

自然犯与法定犯的区分在立法论和解释论层面均具有重要意义。自然犯是侵犯个体法益或者可直接还原为个体利益的集体法益的犯罪,法定犯是侵犯无法直接还原为个体利益的集体法益的犯罪。法定犯,相较于自然犯与伦理道德的关联较弱,具有违法性认识复杂、法益性欠缺、我国语境下的罪刑设置不科学的基本特性,与扩张解释存在天然的抵牾之处。但是,现行刑法框架下绝对禁止对法定犯扩张解释的做法并不可行。对于基于体系(解释)协调目的的扩张解释以及对表面构成要件要素和有利于被告规定的扩张解释,由于不会触动法定犯的基本特征和提升侵犯人权的风险,应当允许在法定犯中例外适用。

The distinction between mala in se and mala prohibita is of great significance at both the legislative and interpretation levels.Mala in se is a crime that infringes the individual's legal interest or can be directly reduced to the collective legal interest of the individual's interest.Mala prohibita is a crime that violates the collective legal interest that cannot be directly reduced to the individual interest.Mala prohibita is weaker than the natural offense in ethics.It has the complex characteristics of illegality,absence of legal interest,and the unscientific nature of crimes in the context of our country.There is a natural contradiction with the expansion interpretation.However,it is not feasible to absolutely prohibit the expansion interpretation of mala prohibita under the current criminal law framework.For the expansion interpretation based on the system(interpretation)coordination purpose and the expansion of the surface constituent elements and the interpretation of the defendant's provisions,since the basic characteristics of the mala prohibita and the risk of human rights violations will not be touched,exceptions should be allowed in mala prohibita.