老鹳草乙醇提取物中黄酮类化合物和挥发性组分及其抗菌活性

Volatiles,Flavonoids,and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol-extract from Geranium wilfordii

【目的】研究老鹳草乙醇提取物对12株临床致病菌的抑菌活性,为开发新型植物来源的抗生素提供重要的参考。【方法】以老鹳草全草乙醇提取物为研究对象,运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪、高效液相色谱仪研究其化学成分;运用滤纸片法测试12株临床致病菌的抑菌活性。【结果】从老鹳草乙醇提取物中鉴定出:18个挥发性组分包括脂肪烃、脂肪酸和生物碱,3个黄酮化合物杨梅苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖、花旗松素。老鹳草乙醇提取物对粪链球菌(MIC 1.0 mg·mL^-1)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MIC 1.0 mg·mL^-1)、大肠杆菌(MIC 1.0 mg·mL^-1)及鲍曼不动杆菌(MIC 2.0 mg·mL^-1)有高敏抑制活性。【结论】恩施地区老鹳草乙醇提取物主要分挥发性组分为脂肪烃、脂肪酸、生物碱;含有杨梅苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖、花旗松素3个黄酮类化合物;对常见临床致病菌具有优良抗菌活性和较广的抗菌谱覆盖面。

【Objective】Antibacterial activity and mechanism of the ethanol-extract of Geranium wilfordii Maxim on clinical pathogens were studied for development of a natural antibiotic.【Method】The chemical compositions of the extract were analyzed by GC-MS and HPC.The filter paper method was used to test the antimicrobial activity of the extract against 12 clinical samples of the resistant bacteria.【Result】GC-MS detected 18 volatile substances,including aliphatic hydrocarbons,fatty acids,and alkaloids(1.15%).The 3 flavonoid compounds identified were myricitrin,quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucose,and taxifolin.High antibacterial activities against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212(MIC 1.0 mg·mL−1),methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MIC 1.0 mg·mL−1),Escherichia coli ATCC 25922(MIC 1.0 mg·mL−1),and Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 29212(MIC 2.0 mg·mL−1)of the extract were observed.【Conclusion】In the G.wilfordii ethanol-extract,aliphatic hydrocarbons,fatty acids,and alkaloids were the major volatiles,and myricitrin,quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucose,and taxifolin the 3 substantial flavonoid compounds found.The extract demonstrated a significant antibacterial activity with wide spectrum against the commonly known clinical pathogens.