外源硒在绿色优质小麦生产中的应用研究

Study on the application of exogenous selenium in the production of green and high-quality wheat

[目的]探索叶面喷施外源硒在绿色优质小麦生产中的简化高效应用技术及可行性,为绿色优质富硒或高硒功能小麦发展提供理论依据。[方法]以国审优质小麦品种郑麦7698和单一亚硒酸钠、复配亚硒酸钠2种外源硒为研究对象,在符合绿色生产条件的土壤下开展不同喷施时期、喷施量和次数的试验研究。[结果]在小麦抽穗期、始花第5天或始花第15天,叶面喷施1次适量的外源硒可获得籽粒硒含量均值为0.13~0.47 mg·kg^-1的富硒小麦;喷施2次适量的外源硒可获得籽粒硒含量均值多为0.57~0.91 mg·kg^-1的高硒小麦;小麦始花第15天叶面喷施外源硒获得的籽粒硒含量较高,施用复配亚硒酸钠效果显著优于单一亚硒酸钠;富硒和高硒小麦没有改变品种原有的品质特性,其绿色指标合格;籽粒中硒代蛋氨酸占总硒含量的73.68%~96.15%。[结论]叶面喷施适量外源硒可以获得绿色优质富硒或高硒的小麦,发展绿色优质富硒或高硒功能小麦安全且切实可行。

[Objective]Present study was conducted to explore the effectiveness of simplified and efficient application technology of foliar spraying of exogenous selenium in the production of green and high-quality wheat,and to provide theoretical basis for the development of green selenium-rich wheat.[Methods]The study was performed by using the nationally approved highquality wheat variety Zhengmai 7698 and two selenium-enriched liquid fertilizers as research materials.Different treatments were carried out under the conditions of green production system with different spraying amount,spraying periods and spraying time.[Results]During the wheat heading stage,the 5th day,and the 15th day of flowering,one-time spraying of exogenous selenium at an appropriate amount produced selenium-rich wheat with the mean grain selenium contents of 0.13~0.47 mg·kg^(-1).The average contents of selenium reached up to 0.57~0.91 mg·kg^(-1) in grains treated with two-time exogenous selenium spraying.The seed selenium content was the highest compared to other treatments when wheat was sprayed with exogenous selenium on the 15th day of flowering.The effect of compound sodium selenium was better than that of single sodium selenite.The enrichment or high-content of selenium in wheat grains didn't change the original quality characteristics of the varieties,and the ratios of selenomethionine in organic selenium were 73.68%~96.15%.[Conclusion]Spraying appropriate amount of exogenous selenium could obtain green,high quality and Se-enriched or High-se wheat grains.It was safe,reliable and feasible method to produce green Se-enriched or High-se wheat.