助干剂辅助喷雾干燥制备山药粉工艺优化研究

Optimization of the spray drying process of Chinese yam powder assisted with auxiliary desiccant

[目的]本研究旨在改善山药粉的喷雾干燥效果,明确助干剂辅助喷雾干燥法制备山药粉的最佳生产工艺条件。[方法]以新鲜山药为研究对象,采用麦芽糊精、β⁃环糊精和阿拉伯胶复合助干剂辅助喷雾干燥的方法制备山药粉,并利用单因素试验和正交试验优化确定了最佳的生产工艺条件。考察了喷雾干燥条件对山药出粉率的影响,并对山药粉的水分含量进行测定分析。[结果]进风温度(140、150、160、170、180和190℃)、料液可溶性固形物含量(12%、14%、16%、18%、20%和22%)和热空气流量(0.40、0.45、0.50、0.55和0.60 m^3·min^-1)对山药出粉率和水分含量均会产生显著影响,对出粉率的影响顺序为:进风温度>料液可溶性固形物含量>热空气流量,对水分含量的影响顺序为:进风温度>热空气流量>料液可溶性固形物含量。当进风温度为180℃,料液可溶性固形物含量为16%,热空气流量为0.50 m^3·min^-1,料液进口温度为60℃时,山药出粉率达到38.69%,此时的水分含量为5.31%。[结论]采用助干剂辅助喷雾干燥的方法制备山药粉是可行的,研究结果为喷雾干燥制备山药粉提供了理论依据和技术支撑。

[Objective]The present study aimed to improve the spray drying efficiency of Chinese yam powder,and to clarify the best production process conditions of yam powder with the aid of auxiliary desiccant-assisted spray drying method.[Methods]Fresh yams were used as the raw materials,and the combination of maltodextrin,β-cyclodextrin and Arabic gum was employed as auxiliary desiccant to assist spray drying method.The best production process condition was determined using both single factor test and orthogonal test.The effects of spraying drying conditions on the powder collection rate were investigated,and moisture content of yam powder was also measured and analyzed.[Results]The results showed that all three major parameters of the condition had significant influences on the powder collection rate and moisture content when inlet air temperature at 140,150,160,170,180,and 190℃,soluble solids content in the liquid of 12%,14%,16%,18%,20%,and 22%,and hot air flow at 0.40,0.45,0.50,0.55,and 0.60 m^(2)·min^(-1),and the orders of the effect on powder collection rate and moisture content were inlet air temperature>soluble solids content in the liquid>hot air flow and inlet air temperature>hot air flow>soluble solids content in the liquid,respectively.The best spray drying effect was achieved with inlet air temperature at 180℃,soluble solids content in the liquid of 16%,and hot air flow at 0.50 m^(2)·min^(-1).The inlet liquid temperature was at 60℃resulting in a powder collection rate of 38.69%and water content of 5.31%.[Conclusion]It is feasible to prepare Chinese yam powder using auxiliary desiccant-assisted spray drying method,and the research results provide theoretical basis and technical support for the preparation of Chinese yam powder by spray drying.