粮食安全与农业机械化的逻辑关系及其政策启示——基于三种主要粮食种植成本收益的中美比较

Logical relation and its policy implications between agricultural mechanization and food security:Based on a contrastive study of the cost and benefit of three main grain crops between China and the United States

我国2016—2018年稻谷、小麦、玉米种植连续出现亏损。如何增加粮食种植纯收益,提高农民种粮积极性,保障粮食安全?在新冠疫情全球蔓延的特殊时期,粮食安全问题又在我国引起关注。通过比较中美两国三种主要粮食作物种植成本与收益,认为人工成本的攀升是我国粮食种植总成本不断升高的主要原因,提高种植效益的实现路径是通过发展农业机械化来减少人工投入,但我国已开始进入农业机械过度投资的结构性困境。为此,提出如下政策建议:采取更积极措施解决劳动密集的瓶颈环节机械化技术问题;支持发展农机作业社会化服务;推进土地流转实现规模经营;加强有利于农机作业的基础设施建设。

The average net returns of rice,wheat,and corn production in China became negative in the past three years.How to increase the net returns from planting grain and encourage farmers to grow grain actively to guarantee food security in China?By discussing the differences between China and the United States about the rice,wheat,and corn production costs and returns,the soaring of labor costs is one of the most important reasons for causing the total cost of planting grain growing in China.This study showed that in the future,grain mechanization should be prioritized and funded for reducing labor input more rapidly in planting grain to improve the solution of food security.The specific policy recommendations were put forward:Taking more active measures to solve the labor-intensive bottleneck mechanization technical problems,supporting the development of social services for agricultural machinery operations,promoting land transfer to achieve large-scale operations,strengthen infrastructure construction that was conducive to agricultural machinery operations.