苹果采后加工碰撞损伤影响因素研究

Study on the influencing factors of collision damage in apple postharvest processing

针对苹果在清洗、分级和包装等采后加工过程中损伤率较高的问题,以红富士苹果为试验材料,利用自制的苹果跌落试验台,研究跌落高度、果实质量、碰撞材料对苹果碰撞损伤的影响。通过3因素3水平正交试验,分析试验因素对苹果碰撞损伤体积影响显著性;并通过试验确定苹果在2种碰撞材料下的碰撞损伤临界跌落高度。试验结果表明:影响苹果碰撞损伤体积的因素显著性由高到低依次为跌落高度、碰撞材料、果实质量;3种质量苹果与2种碰撞材料的碰撞损伤临界跌落高度为150 g苹果与普通碳素钢、PE板碰撞损伤临界跌落高度值分别为59.06 mm和70.93 mm;200 g苹果与普通碳素钢、PE板碰撞损伤临界跌落高度值分别为51.70 mm和63.03 mm;250 g苹果与普通碳素钢、PE板碰撞损伤临界跌落高度值分别为41.65 mm和49.88 mm。

In view of the problem of high damage rate of apples during post-natal processing such as cleaning,grading and packaging,Red Fuji apples were used as test materials,and the self-made apple drop test stand was used to study the impact of drop height,fruit quality,and collision materials on apple drop injury.Through the three-factor three-level orthogonal test,the significance of the test factors on the collision damage volume of the apple was analyzed,and the critical drop height of the impact damage of the apple under the two collision materials is determined through the experiment.The test results show that the significant factors affecting the impact damage volume of apples are drop height,collision material,and fruit quality in descending order;the critical drop heights of collision damage between 3 quality apples and 2 collision materials are as follows:the critical drop height of 150 g apple colliding with ordinary carbon steel and PE board is 59.06 mm and 70.93 mm respectively;the critical drop height of 200 g apple colliding with ordinary carbon steel and PE board is 51.70 mm and 63.03 mm respectively;the critical drop height of 250 g apple colliding with ordinary carbon steel and PE board is 41.65 mm and 49.88 mm respectively.