医学生与非医学生预防接种知识、态度和行为的调查

Investigation on the knowledge,attitude and behavior of vaccination among medical students and non-medical students

目的了解医学与非医学专业学生对常见传染病相关知识的知晓情况、预防接种态度和行为现状,对不同人群提出针对性的宣传防控建议,为高校大学生预防接种提供参考。方法采取分层整群随机抽样法抽取郑州市某民办高校医学专业1 085名、非医学专业515名在校学生进行问卷调查。共发放问卷2 000份,回收率为91.4%,剔除无效问卷剩余有效问卷1 600份,有效回收率为87.5%。结果学生对宫颈癌的知晓率极低,仅有32.5%(520/1 600)的学生知晓宫颈癌与人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的关系。宫颈癌疫苗接种率仅为2.4%(39/1 600);对感染肺结核后临床症状知晓率较高,其中咳嗽这一症状高达76.1%(1 218/1 600),对卡介苗接种意愿高达84.1%(1 346/1 600);对乙型肝炎(乙肝)传播途径的知晓率为52.6%(842/1 600),乙肝疫苗的接种率为61.2%(979/1 600)。医学生与非医学生对宫颈癌、肺结核、乙肝相关知识的知晓率及相关疫苗接种率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同专业的大学生对预防接种认知、态度、行为存在差异,非医学专业学生对传染病相关知识欠缺,重视程度不够。

Objective To understand the medical and non-medical students′knowledge of common infectious diseases,attitudes and behaviors of vaccination,and to make targeted publicity and prevention suggestions for different groups of people,so as to provide reference for college students to carry out vaccination.Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 085 medical students and 515 non-medical students from a private university in Zhengzhou.A total of 2 000 questionnaires were issued,the recovery rate was 91.4%,and 1 600 valid questionnaires were left after the invalid questionnaires removed.The effective recovery rate was 87.5%.Results The awareness rate of cervical cancer was very low,with only 32.5%(520/1 600)of the students aware of the relationship between cervical cancer and human papillomavirus(HPV)infection.Cervical cancer vaccine coverage was only 2.4%(39/1 600).The awareness rate of clinical symptoms after infection was high,among which cough was as high as 76.1%(1 218/1 600),and the intention of BCG vaccination was as high as 84.1%(1 346/1 600).The awareness rates of hepatitis B transmission routes was 52.6%(842/1 600),and the vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine was 61.2%(979/1 600).Comparison of knowledge and vaccination rate of cervical cancer,tuberculosis and hepatitis B among medical students and non-medical students,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion College students of different majors have different cognition,attitude and behavior towards vaccination,while students of non-medical majors have insufficient knowledge and attention to infectious diseases.