20世纪20至30年代赎地纠纷的审判——基于河北省高等法院档案的考察

The Trial of the Land Redemption Disputes in the 1920s and 1930s——Based on the Investigation of Archives of High Court in Hebei Province

面对难以避免的赎地纠纷,河北高等法院不仅依据国家法进行审判,而且超越国家法,依据情理、私人契约、民间习惯、先例作出裁决。在实际的诉讼裁判中,若国家法同民间习惯相冲突,例如回赎期限和典权人的先买权问题,法院会援引国家法律而非民间习惯作出判决,这在某种程度上表明近代司法的初建。法院之所以对某些案例援引"民间习惯"和"先例"作出判决,是因为国家法律缺乏相关方面的规定,法院依据"法律多元"的理念,将民间习惯和先例视为社会秩序的建构力量;对"情理"和"私人契约"的重视,反映了民国司法体系功能的不足以及地方控制的薄弱。裁决依据的多元化,反映了当时审判实践中传统与革新交错的独特状况。

In the face of inevitable land redemption disputes,the high court in Hebei not only tried the national law,but also beyond the national law,tried the reason,private contracts,folk customs and precedent.In actual litigation referee,when national law and folk customs is in conflict,such as repurchase period and preemptive right of the pledgee,the court would cite national law rather than folk customs.It indicated the early modern type of the legal order.In some cases,the court quoted"folk custom"and"precedent".This is because the lack of relevant national laws,the court adopted the concept of"legal pluralism",regarded the folk custom and precedent as the construction of social order.However,the importance of"reasonable"and"private contract"reflected the deficiencies of the function of the judicial system in the republic of China and the weakness of local control.