酶联免疫吸附试验用于艾滋病筛检人群HIV抗体的临床价值

Analysis of HIV Antibody in AIDS Screening Population by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

目的探讨酶联免疫吸附试验用于艾滋病筛检人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体中的临床价值,为完善疾控中心HIV检测咨询工作提供参考依据。方法选取2018年1月至2019年12月因具有艾滋病高危感染风险而在疾控中心接受艾滋病筛查的75例HIV自愿咨询检测者作为研究对象,所有受检者均采用酶联免疫吸附法、胶体金法对HIV抗体进行检测,比较2种检测方法对艾滋病高危受检者HIV抗体的筛查结果,并针对HIV抗体阳性患者进行分析。结果 75例HIV自愿咨询检测者中,经酶联免疫吸附法初筛阳性共13例,经胶体金法初筛阳性共9例,2种试剂检测结果比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);酶联免疫吸附法对HIV抗体初筛阳性的灵敏度、约登指数、阴性预测值、假阴性率均高于胶体金法(P <0.05),酶联免疫吸附法与胶体金法的特异度、阳性预测值、假阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论酶联免疫吸附法用于艾滋病高危风险人群HIV抗体筛查中具有良好的诊断价值,可提高初筛HIV抗体阳性检出率,为艾滋病的防治提供参考依据。

Objective To explore the clinical value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) antibodies in AIDS screening populations, and to provide a reference for improving the HIV testing and consulting work of the CDC. Methods From January 2018 to December 2019, 75 suspected HIV-infected patients who were screened at our CDC because of the high risk of HIV infection at this stage were selected as the research subjects. All subjects Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colloidal gold method were used to detect HIV antibodies. The results of HIV antibody screening for high-risk HIV-AIDS subjects were compared with the two detection methods and analyzed for HIV antibody-positive patients. Results Among the 75 suspected HIV-infected patients, 13 were positive by the ELISA method and 9 were positive by the colloidal gold method. There was no significant difference in the test results of the two reagents(P >0.05). The sensitivity, Youden index, negative predictive value, and false negative rate of ELISA for HIV antibody initial screening are higher than those of colloidal gold method(P <0.05). ELISA and colloidal gold method the specificity, positive predictive value, and false positive rate of ELISA method and colloidal gold method were compared, and there was no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is used in HIV antibody screening for people at high risk of AIDS. It has good diagnostic value. It can increase the positive detection rate of HIV antibody in the initial screening and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of AIDS.