子午岭黑山羊与辽宁绒山羊产肉性能、肉品质、肌肉营养成分和脂肪酸含量比较

Comparative analysis of meat production traits,meat quality,and muscle nutrient and fatty acid contents between Ziwuling black goats and Liaoning cashmere goats

1990年,甘肃省庆阳市开始引入辽宁绒山羊对子午岭黑山羊进行杂交改良,但目前尚不清楚2个品种在脂肪酸含量、肌肉营养成分等方面的差异,影响了杂交改良效果。试验旨在分析两个绒山羊品种的产肉性能、肉品质、肌肉营养成分和脂肪酸含量差异,为绒山羊的杂交改良提供理论依据。本研究选取相同饲养管理条件下、9月龄的子午岭黑山羊和辽宁绒山羊公羊各5只,测定其屠宰性能以及背最长肌、前腿肌和后腿肌处的肉品质、脂肪酸含量和肌肉营养成分。结果表明:子午岭黑山羊的胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、净肉率、眼肌面积、GR值、剪切力和滴水损失低于辽宁绒山羊(P<0.05),但其肌肉的平均亮度值、色度值、pH1和pH24高于辽宁绒山羊(P<0.01)。营养成分测定结果表明,子午岭黑山羊肌肉的水分和粗灰分含量高于辽宁绒山羊(P<0.05),但肌内脂肪和粗蛋白含量低于辽宁绒山羊。在2个山羊品种的肌肉中均检测到11种饱和脂肪酸(SFA,以棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主)、10种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA,以亚油酸和顺-11,14-二十碳二烯酸为主)和6种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA,以油酸为主),子午岭黑山羊肉中的SFA、PUFA、n-3 PUFA、n-6 PUFA含量和PUFA/SFA值均高于辽宁绒山羊(P<0.01),但MUFA含量低于辽宁绒山羊(P<0.01)。结果表明,辽宁绒山羊有更高的产肉力,但子午岭黑山羊肌肉品质和营养成分更佳,脂肪酸组成和含量更符合人类健康膳食标准。

Liaoning cashmere goats have been used since 1990 for crossbreeding to improve Ziwuling black goats in Qingyang,Gansu province.However,little is known whether there are differences in fatty acid and muscle nutrient contents of the two breeds that may affect the crossbreeding outcomes for Ziwuling black goats.To provide the theoretical information for use in crossbreeding improvement for Ziwuling black goats,differences between the two goat breeds in meat production capacity,meat quality,and the contents of muscle nutrients and fatty acids were analyzed.In this study,five healthy nine-month-old Ziwuling black goats and five Liaoning cashmere goats reared under the same management conditions were slaughtered to measure the carcass traits,including meat quality,fatty acid contents and muscle nutrient composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle,foreleg and hind leg muscles.The results showed that Ziwuling black goats had lower carcass weight,dressing out percentage,net meat weight,net meat production rate,rib-eye area,GR(grith rib)value,shear force and drip loss than those of Liaoning cashmere goats(P<0.05).However,the average meat lightness,chroma value,pH1 and pH24 in Ziwuling black goats were higher than those of Liaoning cashmere goats(P<0.01).Measurement of muscle nutrient composition revealed that the contents of water and crude ash of muscle in Ziwuling black goats were higher than Liaoning cashmere goats(P<0.05),but the contents of intramuscular fat and crude protein were lower than Liaoning cashmere goats.Eleven saturated fatty acids(SFAs),ten polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)and six monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFAs)were detected in muscle of both goat breeds,which mainly comprised palmitic acid,stearic acid,linoleic acid,cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid and oleic acid.The contents of SFA,PUFA,n-3 PUFA,n-6 PUFA and the PUFA∶SFA ratio in Ziwuling black goats were higher than Liaoning cashmere goats(P<0.01),but the MUFA content was lower than Liaoning cashmere goats(P<0.01).The results indicate that Liaoning cashmere goats had higher meat production capacity,but muscle from Ziwuling black goats had better meat quality and muscle nutritional composition,as well as a healthier fatty acid profile.