长江经济带磷矿资源开发与生态保护现状分析及对策建议

Situation analysis and countermeasures of phosphate rock resources exploitation and ecological protection in Yangtze River Economic Belt

我国磷矿资源分布和开发利用主要集中在长江经济带的湖北、贵州、云南、四川和湖南五省。本文从长江经济带磷矿资源分布、储量特点,磷矿生产基地现状,磷化工产业现状,磷石膏利用情况和面临的生态环境问题等方面进行了分析。结果表明:长江经济带磷矿资源储量丰富,分布集中,以大中型的沉积型矿床为主,平均品位低,富矿少,地下开采为主,选矿复杂。长江经济带形成了湖北宜昌等8大磷矿生产基地和以磷复肥为基础的现代磷化工产业体系,磷石膏综合利用需进一步提升;面临着矿区与自然保护区冲突,磷化工造成总磷污染严重、磷石膏堆存量大且利用率低等生态环境问题。据此提出了全面推进绿色矿山建设、发展循环经济、探索生态修复新机制等对策,以促进长江经济带磷矿资源开发利用与生态保护协调发展。

The distribution and production of phosphate mineral resources in China are concentrated in Hubei,Guizhou,Yunnan,Sichuan and Hunan in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.This paper analyzes the features of the Yangtze River Economic Belt of phosphate rock resources distribution,reserves,the current production base of phosphate rock,phosphorous chemical industry present situation,the phosphorus gypsum utilization and ecological environment problems.The results show that the Yangtze River Economic Belt has rich reserves and concentrated distribution of phosphate ore resources,mainly large and medium-sized sedimentary deposits,low average grade,less rich ore,underground mining and complex ore processing.Yangtze River Economic Belt has formed 8 phosphate ore production bases in Yichang city,Hubei province,and formed a modern phosphorous chemical industry system based on phosphate compound fertilizer.The comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum needs to be further improved.Facing mining area conflict with natural reserve,phosphorus chemical industry caused total phosphorus pollution is serious,phosphogypsum large in amount and low utilization of ecological environment problems.This paper puts forward the promoting green mine construction,the development of circular economy and explore the countermeasures such as ecological restoration mechanisms,so as to promote coordinated development of exploitation and utilization of phosphate rock resources and ecological protection.