阴离子印迹聚合物的制备及其应用研究进展

Research Progress in Preparation and Application of Anion Imprinted Polymers

离子印迹聚合物是利用印迹技术对模板离子进行印迹、聚合进而得到能够选择性吸附该离子的一种特殊聚合物。目前的报道大多是阳离子印迹聚合物,因为阴离子模板结构更复杂多样且电荷尺寸比更小,致使阴离子印迹聚合物的发展相对滞后。为能更有效地指导阴离子印迹聚合物的制备,本文概述了阴离子印迹聚合物的发展现状,介绍了与不同阴离子有相互作用的功能单体类型(含氨基、季铵基、氮杂环、羧基结构)以及基于上述单体制备的阴离子印迹聚合物吸附性能等,综述了阴离子印迹聚合物的制备方法与合成策略及其在电化学检测和荧光传感等分析化学领域的应用,总结了当前阴离子印迹聚合物制备过程中存在的问题,展望了未来的研究方向。

Ion imprinted polymer is a special kind of polymer with the ability to selectively adsorb the target ion and is prepared by the imprinting technique with imprinting the template ion.The present reports are mostly about the preparation and performance of cation imprinted polymers,but the development of anion imprinted polymers is relatively backward.The reason comes from the more complex structure of anion templates and its smaller ratio of the charge to size,which makes it very difficult to establish a clear recognition site in anion imprinted polymers.In order to guide the preparation and applications of anion imprinted polymers more effectively,the recent status is reviewed.The types of functional monomers(including amino,quaternary ammonium,nitrogen heterocyclic and carboxyl structures)that can adsorb and bind to various common anions are summarized.And the adsorption properties of anion imprinted polymers based on the above monomers are reviewed.Then the preparation methods and synthetic strategies of anion imprinted polymers and their applications in analytical chemistry containing anion electrochemical detection and fluorescence sensing are introduced.Finally,there are still some deficiencies such as unsatisfactory adsorption capacity and rare industrial applications.The future research directions about anion imprinted polymers are also discussed and prospected.