新中国成立以来基础教育普职融通政策的回顾与展望

Review and Prospect of the General Vocational Integration Policy in Basic Education Since 1949

新中国成立以来,基础教育普职融通政策经历了三个阶段:以纠偏教育脱离生产劳动为主的普职分离期;开展农村初中渗透职业教育的普职融通雏形期;探索高中普职融通的政策探索期。尽管取得了一定的经验和成绩,但我国尚未建立起基础教育普职融通的教育体系,基础教育普职融通政策还存在一些问题与不足:缺乏职业启蒙教育理念的引领;各学段普职融通政策缺乏衔接;缺少操作性强的配套政策。在新时代,我国应加强劳动与职业启蒙教育的顶层设计,确立基于核心素养的基础教育普职融通衔接框架,完善基础教育普职融通配套政策。

Since 1949,the general vocational integration policy experienced three stages:separation of general vocational integration based on corrective education and productive labor;development of vocational education in rural junior high schools;exploring the policy exploration period of senior high school vocational integration.Some experience and achievements have been made.However,China has not yet established an educational system of general vocational integration with basic education,there are still some problems and shortcomings:lack of the guidance of career enlightenment education;lack of cohesion for general vocational integration policies in each semester;lack of operable supporting policies.In the new era,China should strengthen the top-level design of labor and career enlightenment education,formulate a framework for the integration of basic education and universal vocational education,and improve supporting policies for basic education.