乡村公共法律服务体系建设的价值、困境与优化——基于社会治理视角

The Value,Dilemma,and Optimization of Rural Public Legal Service System Construction:Based on the Perspective of Social Governance

作为"送法下乡"活动在新时代的改进升级,乡村公共法律服务体系的政策构造与社会治理的多元合作、互惠共享等理念高度契合,其治理价值体现在保障村民权利、推进乡村法治、助力乡村振兴等方面。但当前乡村公共法律服务体系的建设还面临"环境—制度—主体"的三维困境,"半熟人社会"的现实环境将其限制在乡村治理外围;制度系统中互动机制缺失使多元主体协同无法实现;法律服务组织与政府行为失范制约了体系运行效率。文章认为:在社会治理创新背景下,乡村公共法律服务体系建设的优化,需要激活乡村内生力量,促进"三治"真正结合;构建良性互动机制,形成法律服务共同体;加强政策引导与激励,提升服务主体的服务意愿与能力。

As the improvement and upgrading of"sending the law to the countryside"in the new era,the policy structure of rural public legal service system is highly consistent with the concept of multiple cooperation and mutual benefit sharing of social governance,and its governance value is reflected in the protection of villagers'rights,promotion of rural rule of law,and assistance to rural revitalization.However,the current construction of rural public legal service system is still faced with the three-dimensional dilemma of"environment-system-subject",which is limited to the periphery of rural gover⁃nance by the realistic environment of"semi-acquaintance society";the lack of interaction mechanism in the system makes it impossible for multiple subjects to cooperate;the anomie of legal service organization and government behavior restricts the operation efficiency of the system.The paper holds that under the background of social governance innovation,the optimiza⁃tion of rural public legal service system needs to activate the rural endogenous forces and promote the real combination of"three types of governance";build a positive interaction mechanism to form a legal service community;strengthen policy guid⁃ance and incentives to enhance the service willingness and ability of service subjects.