美国NAEP 2019数学能力评价体系研究

Research on Mathematics Ability Evaluation System at NAEP 2019 of United States

如何正确地评价学生的数学能力一直是世界各国学者和数学教育工作者们长期进行探索和研究的课题,其中构建好适合本国数学课程标准以及适应国内外测评经验的评价体系则更为重要。作为美国长期具有代表性的基础教育评价体系,NAEP数学能力评价不仅在国内教育领域享有独特地位,还在世界范围内也产生了重要影响。并且,它在历经40多年的发展变化中不断完善,其评估过程也更加科学,成为当前国际社会了解美国各州数学教育现状的重要依据。本文通过对NAEP 2019数学能力评价体系构成、评价框架内容以及评价过程的细致分析发现,该评价体系旨在检测学生在数学学科领域应该要"了解什么"和"可以做什么"、在一段时间内学生数学学业成绩的变化趋势、数学知识学习的薄弱点以及家庭、社会等背景变量对其数学学业表现的影响。总体上,NAEP 2019数学能力评价体系相对完整、内容丰富、特色鲜明,在测评要素的更新、测评工具的平衡以及测评结果的解释等诸多方面都值得我国学习和借鉴。与此同时,NAEP2019数学能力评价中所汇聚的设计思路和教育测评理念也为我国开展基础教育质量监测带来一定的启示,如应注重数学能力测评框架的系统构建、重视数学能力测评工具的质量保障以及关注对学生数学能力表现的系统分析和解释等。

How to correctly evaluate the mathematical ability of students has always been a subject of long-term exploration and research by scholars and mathematics educators from all over the world,among them,it is more important to build an evaluation system that is suitable for the national mathematics curriculum standards and adapt to the domestic and foreign evaluation experience.As the long-term nationally representative basic education evaluation system in the United States,The NAEP Mathematical Ability Evaluation Project not only enjoys a unique position in the domestic education field,but also has an important impact worldwide.Moreover,it has been continuously improved during 40 years of development and changes,and its evaluation process has become more scientific,which has become an important basis for the current international community to understand the status quo of mathematics education in various states in the United States.In this article,a detailed analysis of the composition of the NAEP 2019 mathematical ability evaluation system,the content of the evaluation framework and the evaluation process found that,the evaluation system aims to detect what students should"know"and"what can be done"in the field of mathematics,the trend of changes in students’mathematics academic performance over a period of time,the weaknesses in learning mathematics,and the impact of background variables on their mathematics academic performance such as family and society.In general,the NAEP 2019 mathematical ability evaluation system is relatively complete,rich in content,and distinctive.It is worth learning for China in many aspects such as the update of evaluation elements,the balance of evaluation tools,and the interpretation of evaluation results.At the same time,the design thinking and educational evaluation ideas gathered in the NAEP 2019 mathematics ability evaluation also bring certain enlightenment for my country to carry out basic education quality monitoring.For example,attention should be paid to the systematic construction of the mathematical ability assessment framework,the quality assurance of mathematical ability assessment tools,and the systematic analysis and interpretation of students’mathematical ability performance.