论马尔库塞《单向度的人》中的自由思想及其启示

Free Thought in Marcuse’s “One-dimensional Man”

在《单向度的人》一书中,马尔库塞通过对发达工业社会美好繁荣假象的批判,揭露了当下社会的人失去了反思、批判和超越的能力,只剩下肯定、顺从的能力,是单向度的人,人所拥有的自由是单向度的自由。单向度的自由实质是不自由,导致不自由的根源是技术的异化。因而要实现真正的自由需要大力发展生产力来提供物质保障和尊重人的自主性以提供内在动力。

In the book“One-dimensional Man”,Marcuse,through his criticism of the illusion of beautiful prosperity in the advanced industrial society,reveals that people in the current society have lost the ability to reflect,criticize and transcend,leaving only the ability to affirm and obey and being one-dimensional person,and the freedom that a person has is a one-dimensional freedom.The essence of one-dimensional freedom is non-freedom,and the source of non-freedom is the alienation of technology.Therefore,to realize true freedom,we need to vigorously develop productivity to provide material guarantee and respect human autonomy to provide internal motivation.