政策科学:70年关键成果整合和新方向探察

Policy Sciences:Integrating 70-year Key Achievements and Exploring New Tendency

政策科学从1951年创立至今,已经历了70年的发展历程,积累了大量的研究成果。通过检索以“政策科学”为题名的经典文献,可以发现,政策科学起源于杜威等哲学家的实用主义思想,拉斯韦尔为政策科学勾画出了基本框架,众多学者围绕着拉斯韦尔提出的情境性、问题导向和多样性开展了一系列卓有成效的研究,包括深化对政策科学的认识、“民主政策科学”研究、交叉学科和后实证主义的研究方法、政策科学运动研究等。在此基础上有必要从学科定位、知识定位、问题定位、情境定位、过程定位、方法定位和指导定位等七个维度尝试构建政策科学新的结构性框架,并提出新政策科学的研究方向,即从“旧”政策科学向“新”政策科学转变,从单一的实用主义思想向多元思想转变,从民主政策科学向民主集中制政策科学转变,从问题导向向结果导向转变。

Since the establishment in 1951,policy sciences have experienced 70 years of development and accumulated a lot of research findings.By searching the classic literature with the title of“policy sciences”,we find that policy sciences originated from the pragmatism of philosophers such as Dewey and that Lasswell as the founder outlined the basic framework of policy sciences,after which many scholars carried out a series of fruitful research on the contextuality,problem orientation and diversity proposed by Lasswell,including deepening the understanding of policy sciences,the research of“democratic policy sciences”,the research methods of interdisciplinary and post positivism,and the research of policy sciences movement.Therefore,a new structural framework of policy sciences is necessarily to be established based on these seven dimensions including discipline,knowledge,problem,contextuality,process,method and guidance,indicating the development tendency of new policy sciences,that is,from“old”policy sciences to“new”policy sciences,from single pragmatism to pluralism,from democratic policy sciences to democratic centralism policy sciences,from problem-oriented to outcome-oriented.