韩柳孟子观之分歧及其思想史意义——以儒佛道三教关系为视角

Hanyu and LiuZongyuan’s divergence on Mencius and its significance in historical thoughts:a study from the perspective ofthe relationship among Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism

韩愈、柳宗元围绕孟子“夷夏观”“义利观”“心性论”等思想展开论辩。韩愈高度赞扬孟子,认为他是“孔子之道”的正宗传承者,因此主张将其列入“道统”;柳宗元则极力贬低孟子,认为他违背“孔子之道”的真精神,因此反对将其列入“道统”。韩柳二人孟子观分歧的原因与实质在于二人对当时儒佛道三教关系及儒“道”内涵的不同理解。二人孟子观的分歧,是对“儒学是什么”这个中唐“时代之问”的不同回答,这一分歧在宋代产生响亮回声,对宋代儒学发展方向的选择起了至关重要的作用。

Hanyu and Liu Zongyuan argued on Mencius’ideason Yi Xia,morality and interests,and mind-nature theory.Han hailed Mencius as the rightful successor to Confucius and therefore insisted that Mencius be included in“Confucian Orthodoxy of Dao”.Liu,on the other hand,disregarded Mencius on the ground that he went against the Dao of Confucius and for this reason strongly opposed his inclusion in“Confucian orthodoxy of Dao”.This divergence resulted from their interpretations of the relationship among Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism and the connotation of“Confucian Orthodoxy”.The well-known debate between them actually were answers to the question“what is Confucius?”raised in the Middle Tang Dynasty,which also shaped the development of Confuciunism in the Song Dynasty.