《清代学术概论》成书的学术因缘及梁启超科学观之折射

The Academic Interactions in the Formation of An Introduction to the Scholarship in the Qing Dynasty:A Reflection of the Opinions on Science of Liang Qichao

梁启超《清代学术概论》的早期面目有赖梁氏《前清一代中国思想界之蜕变》而存世。两者比勘,可推原该学术史名作从原稿到《改造》初刊至商务印书馆定本的成书过程,可覙缕梁启超与胡适学术因缘,尤其是他在胡适建议下对原稿的增删;可窥见梁氏通过该书出版支持共学社丛书、推扬浙籍友人蒋百里著述之深心。梁启超于清学研究的对象实体外,提炼出一种普适的、适应现代的科学精神;为了避免清学研究的方法论价值随着本体论价值一起被边缘化,梁启超暗示不必在意清学研究的对象实体作为手段是否经世致用,而应将重点放在它们作为学问之目的所表现出来的科学精神之上。这与梁氏旨在整理国故、致就新文化又反对"科学万能"的思想相通。

Liang Qichao’s An Introduction to the Scholarship in the Qing Dynasty is based on the Transformation of Chinese thoughts in Qing.A comparison of two works can tell the formation process of the masterpiece in which the academic interaction of Liang Qichao and Hu Shi played a significant role,especially the advice from Hu for adding a chapter covering Zhang Binglin.The fact that Liang Qichao intended to use this book to support the Gongxue Society also reflected his intention to help his close friend Jiang Baili.Liang Qichao extracted a universal and modern scientific spirit outside the object entity of Qing Studies.In order to avoid the marginalization of the methodology of Qing Studies and the value of Ontology,Liang Qichao implied that emphasis should be placed on the scientific spirit shown by Qing Studies for the purpose of learning.Whether the object entities were used as means in the world or not was not that important.This was in line with Liang's idea of sorting out national heritage and bringing about a new culture,but also opposing“science omnipotence”.