氮磷缺乏对薏苡生长及其生理特性的影响

Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphate Deficiency on Growth Characters and Physiological Characteristics of Coix lacryma-jobi L.

以贵州省黔西南州兴仁县薏苡为试材,采用沙培盆栽方式设置对照(全素营养)、缺氮、缺磷、缺氮磷4个处理,测定分析了薏苡生长前期各形态指标、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶系统及可溶性糖的含量,探讨氮磷元素缺乏对薏苡生长及生理特性的影响,以期提高薏苡的产量及品质。结果表明:1)缺氮、缺磷、缺氮磷均显著降低薏苡株高、根长、总叶片数、比叶面积及叶绿素含量,导致总生物量较对照分别降低80.65%、77.88%、91.24%;2)缺氮、缺磷、缺氮磷显著增加丙二醛(MDA)含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,缺氮时过氧化物酶(POD)活性降低14.29%,缺磷、缺氮磷时活性升高;3)薏苡可溶性糖含量在缺磷时较对照显著增加102.00%,缺氮和缺氮磷时可溶性糖含量分别较对照显著降低54.35%、34.59%。缺素处理总体上抑制了薏苡的生长,且缺氮磷比单独缺氮、缺磷对薏苡生长及生理的抑制作用更明显。

To study the effects of growth and physiological characteristics of Coix lacryma-jobi L.under nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency,seeds of Coix lacryma-jobi L. from Qianxinan in Guizhou were used as test materials.There were four treatments with sand culture pot,control(vegan nutrition),nitrogen deficiency,phosphorus deficiency,nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency,growth index,chlorophyll content,antioxidant enzyme system and soluble sugar content of Coix lacryma-jobi L.were determined.The results showed that,1)nitrogen deficiency,phosphorus deficiency,nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency all significantly decreased plant height,root length,total leaf number,specific leaf area and chlorophyll content,these lead to total biomass decrease by 80.65%,77.88% and 91.24% separately compared with the control group;2)nitrogen deficiency,phosphorus deficiency,nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency significantly increased malondialdehyde(MDA) content and catalase(CAT) activity,peroxidase(POD) activity decreased by 14.29% when nitrogen deficiency occurred,and increased when phosphorus deficiency,or nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency;3)the soluble sugar content of Coix lacryma-jobi L.relative to the control group increased by 102.00% under phosphorus deficiency,and decreased by 54.35% and 34.59% separately under nitrogen deficiency,or nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency.Elements deficiency inhibits the growth of Coix lacryma-jobi L.on the whole,and nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency on growth and physiological inhibited more apparentthan single nitrogen deficiency or phosphorus deficiency.