磷钾耦合对富士果树生长及果实品质的影响

Effects of the Coupling of Phosphorus and Potassium on Growth and Fruit Quality of Fuji Fruit Tree

以七年生八棱海棠/SH6/‘晋富’果树为试材,以灌水量和施氮量为固定因子,在富士果树不同生育期开展不同配比氮磷钾滴灌耦合试验,通过采用2因子3水平正交组合研究各试验小区富士果树新梢生长及各生育期果实的各项品质指标,进行主成分分析研究对比,以期为明确滴灌条件下追施磷钾肥的最佳配施比例和时期提供参考依据。结果表明:在P2与K2协同作用下富士树体新梢生长旺盛,果实单果质量较高,果肉紧致细脆,着色均匀,果品耐贮性高。在高磷水平时果实酸度适中,中磷水平酸度较低。综上所述,在该试验区以田间持水量90%、60%为滴灌水上下限,通过基施有机肥,追施100 L·hm^-2氮肥并耦合施用常规用量×70%的磷钾肥有望基本实现富士果树节水节肥,优质高产。

A coupling experiment of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium drip irrigation with different ratios was carried out in different growth periods of Fuji fruit trees with 7 years old Begonia/SH6/’Jinfu’fruit trees as test materials,and the weight indexes of Fuji fruit shoot growth and fruit in each growth period were studied by using two factor three level orthogonal combination.The results showed that under the synergistic action of P2 and K2,the new shoot growth of Fuji tree was vigorous,the single fruit quality of fruit was high,the pulp was tight and crisp,the color was uniform,and the storage resistance of fruit was high.At high phosphorus level,the acidity of fruit is moderate,and the acidity of medium phosphorus level is low.Conclusion based on the application of organic fertilizer,100 L·hm^-2 nitrogen fertilizer and 70%phosphorus-potassium fertilizer with conventional dosage×70%are expected to achieve high quality and high yield.