瓜菜间作对大樱桃生长和土壤理化性质、微生物区系的影响

Intercropping of Different Vegetables and Melons Affects Sapling Growth,Soil Properties and Soil Microbial Population in Cherry Orchard

以建植第2年大樱桃幼树为试材,以清耕为对照,研究果园间作9种常见瓜菜作物后大樱树生长指标、果园土壤理化性质和微生物区系的变化,以期为果园瓜菜作物间作模式的应用提供参考依据。结果表明:间作南瓜、西瓜、茄子、辣椒、黄瓜对大樱桃幼树地径无显著影响(P>0.05),间作番茄、甜瓜、红薯、白菜则显著抑制其地径(P<0.05)。除甜瓜处理外,不同处理中大樱桃株高均显著增加(P<0.05)。总体来看,不同间作处理土壤全氮、硝态氮、全磷、有效磷、有效锰含量和pH、EC呈上升趋势,铵态氮、全钾、速效钾、有效硒含量和CEC呈下降趋势,有机质、有效铁、有效铜含量和含水量则因间作作物的不同而异。各处理中的土壤真菌含量均有不同程度提高,除红薯、黄瓜、西瓜处理外,其余处理均与对照差异显著(P<0.05)。土壤放线菌数量在黄瓜、红薯处理中增加极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05),在番茄(P<0.01)、西瓜(P<0.01)、白菜(P<0.05)处理中则极显著或显著下降。土壤细菌数量除在红薯处理中显著升高(P<0.05)外,在其余处理中均极显著或显著低于清耕对照。

Taking the sweet cherry saplings as test material and clean tillage as control,the impacts of 9 vegetables and melons on the sapling height and ground diameter,chemical and physical properties of soil and soil microbial population were investigated in the 2^nd year after the sapling establishment,in order to provide reference for the application of vegetable and melon crop intercropping patterns in orchards.The results showed that the ground diameter of cherry saplings was not significantly affected after the intercropping of Cucurbita moschata,Citrullus lanatus,Solanum melongena,Capsicum annuum and Cucumis sativus(P>0.05),but was significantly suppressed after the intercropping of Lycopersicon esculentum,Cucumis melo,Ipomoea batatas and Brassica rapa pekinensis(P<0.05).The sapling height was significantly raised(P<0.05)in all treatments except the Cucumis melo treatment.The contents of total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,availablemagnesium and values of pH and EC were increased while the contents of ammonium nitrogen,total potassium,available potassium,available selenium and CEC value were decreased in different intercropping treatments.The contents of organic matter,available iron,available copper and the soil moisture content varied with the crops.The quantity of soil fungi in all treatments was increased to different extents,and the difference as compared to the clean tillage control was significant(P<0.05)except in the treatments of Ipomoea batatas,Cucumis sativus and Citrullus lanatus.The number of soil actinomyces was significantly increased in the treatments of Cucumis sativus(P<0.01)and Ipomoea batatas(P<0.05),and was significantly abated in the treatments of Lycopersicon esculentum(P<0.01),Citrullus lanatus(P<0.01)and Brassica rapa pekinensis(P<0.05).The quantity of soil bacteria was(P<0.05)significantly increased after the intercropping of Ipomoea batatas,but was suppressed at the significant difference levels of 0.01 or 0.05 in other treatments.