不同施肥方式对甘蓝种植的影响及综合效益评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Cabbage Planting

以甘蓝为试材,采用大田种植试验的方法,分析了不同肥料对作物生长、氮磷损失、土壤结构、土壤重金属含量的影响,探究了不同施肥方式种植甘蓝所产生的经济效益,以期为不同施肥方式对保护流域环境、保证作物产量、降低生产成本、增加农户收入的比较研究提供可靠的综合评估。结果表明:不同施肥处理中,甘蓝成熟时期产量性状表现为处理D>处理E>处理C>处理A>处理B>处理F。处理E、D、C、B以及处理F氮、磷元素的损失明显少于施用化肥模式。处理B、C、D、E、F有机质均上升,处理E上升最多,为69.92%,处理A有机质下降1.33%。处理E中生物炭直接用于土壤后,降低了土壤中Cr的变化量。甘蓝收获后不同施肥处理的利润大小为处理C>处理D>处理E>处理B>处理A>处理F。综上,评定得分最高的分别为处理C 1.778分、处理E 1.522分、处理D 1.462分,即"沼肥+生物炭""全沼肥""沼肥+化肥"3种施肥方式更适合于"三湖"流域。

Cabbage was used as the test material and the method of field planting test was adopted.The effects of different fertilizers on crop growth,nitrogen and phosphorus loss,soil structure and soil heavy metal content were investigated,and the economic benefits generated by different fertilization methods were calculated.The purpose of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the effects of different treatments on the protection of the watershed environment,the guarantee of crop yield,the reduction of production cost and the increase of household income.The results showed that the yield traits of cabbage at mature stage were as follows,treatment D>treatment E>treatment C>treatment A>treatment B>treatment F.The loss of N and P in treatments E,D,C,B and F was significantly less than that in treatments A.The organic matter in treatment B,C,D,E and F all increased,and the organic matter in treatment E increased by 69.92%,and the organic matter in treatment A decreased by 1.33%.Due to the use of biochar in the treatment of E,the amount of Cr in the soil was reduced.The profit of different treatment after harvest is as follows treatment C>treatment D>treatment E>treatment B>treatment A>treatment F.In conclusion,the highest scores of C treatment were 1.778 points,E treatment 1.522 points,and D treatment 1.462 points.The fertilization methods of’marsh fertilizer+biochar’,’total marsh fertilizer’and’marsh fertilizer+chemical fertilizer’were more suitable for the’three lakes’basin.