永州野生茶资源分布及其亲缘关系分析

Distribution ofWild Tea Resources in Yongzhou and Analysis of Its Relationship

江华苦茶是湖南省珍贵的地方茶树种质资源之一。近年来,对永州野生茶树资源的调查主要围绕江华瑶族自治县的多个乡镇,对其他县区涉及很少。从永州地理及自然环境特点上看,适合野生茶的生长区域应更为广阔。因此,对其具体分布情况和种群特征作进一步研究十分必要。对永州3条山系分布的原始型茶树资源进行采样比对分析,所调查区域的野生茶资源表型特性为小乔木、中叶类种,水浸出物含量32.8%~35.4%,茶多酚含量21.27%~23.55%。分子标记结果显示永州区域内野生茶树间关联度较大,均可与江华苦茶聚为一类,且具有良好的发酵茶加工特性。

Jianghua bitter tea is one of the precious local tea germplasm resources in Hunan province.In recent years,the investigation of wild tea tree resources in Yongzhou has mainly focused on villages and towns in Jianghua Yao Autonomous County,and has rarely involved few other counties and districts.According to the characteristics of Yongzhou geography and natural environment,the growing area suitable for wild tea should be more extensive.Therefore,it is necessary to further study its specific distribution and population characteristics.The results show that the phenotypic characteristics of wild tea resources were small trees and mid-leaf species,and the biochemical characteristics were as follows:water extract ranged from 32.8%to 35.4%,tea polyphenol ranged from 21.27%to 23.55%.The results of molecular markers showed that the relationship between wild tea trees in Yongzhou area are highly correlated and they could be clustered with Jianghua bitter tea.They had good processing characteristics.Therefore,Jianghua bitter tea,as a unique local tea resource in Yongzhou,has the advantage of becoming the dominant cultivar in local tea industry.While the dominant product of Yongzhou tea can be classified into black tea or other fermented tea.