实然与应然:中国学校武术改革的理论命题与实践探索——“全国学校武术改革与发展研讨会”述评

What It Is and What It Should Be:Theoretical Proposition and Practical Exploration of School Wushu Reform in China——Commenting on“National School Wushu Reform and Development Conference”

学校武术是体育课程中最具有民族性、传统性和教育性的文化资源。学校武术如何在新时代充分发挥育人作用,如何应对西方体育文化的挑战?学校武术教育的目标是什么,路径在哪里等问题是亟待厘清的问题。运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法,通过记录会议发言,对由中国体育科学学会武术与民族传统体育分会、教育部全国学校体育联盟(中华武术)和全国普通高校中华优秀传统文化基地(武术)联合主办,山西师范大学承办的“全国学校武术改革与发展研讨会”的会议成果进行了述评。研究认为,中国学校武术发展的主要问题集中表现在教学内容贫乏、教学方法单一、武术教学师资力量短缺;对学生技能掌握和健康促进作用发挥不够;对学生道德品质的培养不够重视。研究结论:学校武术改革与发展的路径如能以“体育学科核心素养”“体教融合”“课程思政”等理论为指引,以“德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人”的培养为目标,问题导向、精准施策,就一定能铸就武术的辉煌明天。

School wushu is the most national,traditional and educational cultural resource in the physical education curriculum. And some questions need to be clarified urgently,such as how school wushu plays its role in educating people in the new era and how to deal with the challenge of western sports culture. What is the goal and the path of school wushu education? By using literature review and logical analysis,as well as records of meeting speeches,the paper reviews the outcomes of "National School Wushu Reform and Development Conference",which was co-hosted by Wushu and National Traditional Sports Branch of the Chinese Sports Science Association,National School Sports League( Chinese Wushu) of the Ministry of Education,and Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture Base( Wushu) of National Colleges and Universities,and was undertaken by Shanxi Normal University. The study finds the main problems in the development of school wushu in China. For example,wushu teaching content and methods are not rich,wushu teachers are not enough,and the mastery of students’ skills,the promotion of health and the cultivation of students’ moral qualities are insufficient. The paths of school wushu reform and development are to cultivate "socialist builders and successors who develops morality,intelligence,physical education,art and labor in an all-round way"with the guidance of the theories of "core literacy of physical education","integration of sports and education"and "curriculum ideological and political education".