亚的斯亚贝巴城市规划及相应空间结构变迁研究--从1855年至今

Research on the Urban Planning and Spatial Structure Changes in Addis Ababa:From 1855 to the Present

近现代埃塞俄比亚的首都亚的斯亚贝巴建立于1868年,其城市空间结构在一百多年中受到地理环境、殖民统治和城市规划等因素的影响而发生变迁,是这个国家现代化历程的缩影。以埃塞俄比亚近现代政治、经济变更为分期标准,将亚的斯亚贝巴自19世纪建城以来的城市发展分为5个时期进行研究,分别是现代化开端、殖民时期、战后重建、非洲马克思主义时期以及联邦民主共和国时期。纵贯这5个时期的研究主题是是建城以来城市发展中面临的问题、城市空间结构的变化及相应的城市规划方案。通过深入分析规划对城市空间结构的影响,总结埃塞俄比亚首都发展的特点与问题。认为:第一,国家政局变换以及意识形态的改变对城市发展产生了巨大的影响;第二,在自然环境和城市规划的综合作用下,亚的斯亚贝巴总体呈现出"环形+扇形"的空间结构;第三,亚的斯亚贝巴应结合其历史经验与特点,进一步探索适合自身发展道路。

Founded in 1868,Addis Ababa is the capital of modern Ethiopia.Its urban spatial structure has been influenced by geographical environment,colonial and urban planning during the transformation of more than 100 years,which echoes the modern development process of the country.With the political and economic development of modern Ethiopia as a periodization standard,this paper divides the urban development of Addis Ababa into five periods since its founding,namely its modern beginning,the colonial period,the post-war reconstruction period,the Africa Marxism period,and the federal democratic republic period.The research mainly focuses on the problems in the urban development process,the corresponding changes in urban spatial structure and urban planning programs.Through an in-depth analysis of the influence of urban planning on spatial structure,this paper summarizes the characteristics and problems of Ethiopias capital city in the process of modernization.It argues that firstly,the transition of political regimes and ideology has deeply influenced the development of the city.Secondly,Addis Ababa now has a general urban structure of ring-and-fan shape under the synthetic effect of the natural environment and conscious planning.Thirdly,Addis Abba should explore its own way of future development in terms of its previous experience and characteristics.