高速列车轮轨检测和监测方法综述

Review of inspection and monitoring methods of high speed train wheels and rails

随着高铁技术的快速发展,无损检测(NDT)技术已被广泛研究并应用于铁路系统,以保证列车安全运行和乘坐舒适度。结构健康监测(SHM)作为NDT技术的发展,可实现列车运行过程中铁路系统状态的实时评估,对高速铁路的运营和发展具有重要作用。文章首先综述NDT技术在列车车轮及轨道上的应用,然后介绍基于光纤传感器、压电传感器等新型传感器的SHM在高速铁路列车及结构上的应用,最后针对新交通时代的特点,从传感精度及效率两方面介绍无线传感、压缩感知以及数据驱动等前沿研究方向。

Along with the rapid development of high-speed rail(HSR) technology,non-destructive testing (NDT) has been widely studied and applied in railway systems to ensure safe operation and ride comfort.Structure health monitoring(SHM),developed from NDT techniques,could achieve the real-time evaluation of the working condition of railway system during train operation and play an important role in the operation and development of HSR.This paper first reviews the application of NDT technology in the wheels and rails.Then the application of SHM based on optical sensors,piezoelectric transducers and other smart sensors in HSR train and structure is presented.Finally,according to the characteristics of the new traffic era,the research direction of wireless sensing,compression sensing and data driving is put forward from the aspects of sensing accuracy and efficiency.