双宾结构的微观句法

A Micro-syntactic Study of Double Object Constructions

进入双宾语句式[NP1 V NP2 NP3]的动词可根据直接宾语位移的方向性而分为"给予"类、"取得"类两大类。本文以新描写主义的研究视角对这些动词的微观句法结构进行细颗粒的描写与刻画,逐步地显示不同动词之间的句法差异,从而区分由词汇句法结构为双VP的动词(双VP动词)和词汇句法结构为单VP的动词(单VP动词)所构成的两种双宾结构,即:由词汇句法投射而来的双宾与依赖构式而形成的双宾(构式双宾)。由词汇句法投射而来的双宾,由于动词在词汇句法层面就具有双VP结构,所以其两个宾语中的任何一个都可以省略且省略后语义不变;而构式双宾则不具备这一可能性,其直接宾语或是不能省略,或是省略后导致句意改变。本文还以区别性句法环境"VOt给Og"显示"给"与"送、还"等动词的句法差异,从而得出只有"给"是双VP动词。

This paper presents a micro-syntactic study on the double object construction in Chinese following the spirit of New Descriptivism as proposed by Hu(2009,2018).It is argued that the verb-based double object structure should be distinguished from the construction-based one,and the former is formed by the verb that projects two VP layers at lexical syntax(L-syntax)whereas the latter is not.Semantically,the double object structure represents two event structures.However,only the verb-based double object structures are mapped from the two covert VP layers.Hence,syntactically,the verb-based double object structure is formed at L-syntax whereas the construction-based one is formed at overt syntax,or S-syntax.It is shown that only the verb-based double object structure can freely drop its objects,either the direct one or the indirect one,in overt syntax.The dropping of either of the objects will not affect the interpretation that the double object structure has.The construction-based double object structure is highly constrained in its dropping of the direct object,as it is not formed by the verb projecting two VP layers at L-syntax and the dropping of the direct object will result in an interpretation which differs from the one that the structure has when the two objects occur in the structure.Besides,"V Ot gei Og",as the variant of the double object structure,is employed to check whether the verb used in the V position is a verb that projects two VP layers at L-syntax or not.