学前教育资源空间布局与服务主体匹配性探析--以兰州市为例

An Analysis of the matching between the Spatial layout of Preschool Education Resources and the Service subject:a case study of Lanzhou

学前教育是国民教育的基础阶段和重要环节。本文以兰州市幼儿园数量、在园人数、居住用地以及居住小区为基础性数据,运用核密度、克里金插值以及源点OD成本矩阵,分析幼儿园的空间分布特征以及与需求主体的空间匹配性。发现:①整体幼儿园空间分布呈现向心集聚态势,空间结构上呈现出“带状多中心”多层次的圈层结构,存在显著的空间非均衡,并存在“公办少民办多”的数量特征和空间分异特征。②通过幼儿园的空间布局与居住用地和居住小区的匹配性分析,发现兰州市幼儿园空间配置整体较好,但也存在部分区域还不够合理。较好的区域主要分布各在行政区的核心区域,较差的区域主要分布于城乡结合部,城市核心区域存在少量的服务“盲区”。

Preschool education is the basic stage and important link of national education.Based on the basic data of the number of kindergartens,the number of people in kindergartens,residential lands and residential quarters in Lanzhou.This paper analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of kindergartens and their spatial matching with the demand subject by using kernel density,Kriging and Network Analyst.The results show that:①the spatial distribution of the whole kindergarten presented a centripetal gathering trend,and the spatial structure presented a"belt with multicenter"multi-level circle structure,with significant spatial imbalance,and the quantitative and spatial differentiation characteristics of"less public kindergartens and more private kindergartens".②Through the analysis of the matching of the spatial layout of kindergartens with residential land and residential quarters,it was found that the overall spatial allocation of kindergartens in Lanzhou was good,but some areas were not reasonable enough.The better regions were mainly distributed in the core areas of the administrative region,the worse regions were mainly distributed in the urban-rural fringe,and there were a small number of services"blind areas"in the urban core areas.