扩大管行比对新疆滴灌春小麦氮素吸收和产量的影响

Effects of Extended Driptape-row Ratio on Nitrogen Absorption and Yield of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation in Xinjiang

【目的】研究不同种植模式对滴灌春小麦干物质、氮素的吸收和产量的影响。【方法】设置3个种植方式(TR:常规播种;K:宽窄行播种;S:缩行缩带宽播种)和3个滴灌配置(1管4行:一条滴灌带两侧各2行,R1、R2行;1管6行:一条滴灌带两侧各3行,R1、R2、R3行;1管8行:一条滴灌带两侧各4行,R1、R2、R3、R4行),小麦品种为新春44号和新春22号,研究扩大管行比对新疆滴灌春小麦氮素吸收和产量的影响。【结果】在1管6行滴灌配置方式下,R3行单株干物质积累大于R2行,1管8行滴灌配置方式下,R4行单株干物质积累大于R3行,不同种植方式间干物质积累量TR4﹥K6﹥S6﹥K8﹥S8;在1管6行滴灌配置方式下,K6单株氮素积累量高于S6;在1管8行滴灌配置方式下,K8单株氮素积累量高于S8。在1管6行滴灌配置方式下单株氮素积累量R1﹥R2﹥R3,1管8行滴灌配置方式下,R1﹥R2﹥R3﹥R4;扩大管行比种植模下S6产量最高,新春22号为487.59 kg/667m^2,新春44号为536.56 kg/667m^2,各种植模式行间产量表现为由近行到远行先降低后边行升高。【结论】在扩大管行比情况下同时缩小行距有利于小麦边行单株干物质的积累,且2品种间新春44号单株干物质积累量高于新春22号;在扩大管行比情况下同时缩小行距有利于小麦边行单株氮素积累量的积累,且2品种间新春44号单株氮素积累量高于新春22号;K6、S6种植模式中的R3行产量高于R2行、K8、S8种植模式中R4行产量高于R3行;扩大管行比种植模式下,S6产量与TR4差异不显著,且表现最优;新春44号行间变异系数比新春22号小,且在不同种植模式下,新春44号产量均高于新春22号,扩大管行比种植模式下,S6种植模式的产量与TR4种植模式的产量差异不显著,表现最优;在新疆滴灌小麦生产中,推荐选择行间变异系数小的新春44号,其中最优种植模式为S6。

【Objective】To explore the effects of different planting methods on dry matter,nitrogen absorption and yield of wheat.In this experiment,three planting methods(conventional sowing,wide-narrow row sowing and narrow-width row sowing)and three drip irrigation configurations(TR4:two rows on each side of a drip irrigation belt,R1 and R2;TR6:3 rows on each side of a drip irrigation belt,R1,R2 and R3;TR8:4 rows on each side of a drip irrigation belt,R1,R2,R3 and R4).【Methods】The wheat varieties were Xinchun 44 and Xinchun 22.The test results showed that:expanding the row ratio and narrowing the row spacing were beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter per plant in the side row of wheat,and compared with TR4,the planting mode of K6 had the best performance.【Results】In K6 and S6 planting modes,the decrease of nitrogen accumulation per plant in R4 rows was less than that in R1,R2 and R3 rows,and in K8 and S8 planting modes,the decrease of nitrogen accumulation per plant in R4 rows was less than that in R1,R2 and R3 rows.In the case of expanding the pipe row ratio and narrowing the row spacing,the yield of row R3 in the K6 and S6 planting modes,row R4 in the K8 and S8 planting modes was higher than that of row R2 and row R3,respectively.【Conclusion】The yield difference between S6 planting mode and TR4 planting mode was not significant.To sum up,the yield reduction of S6 planting mode is not significant,and the production cost is reduced and the economic benefit is improved.Therefore,S6 planting mode is the optimal mode.