哈萨克斯坦工业集聚和地区分工对中哈产能合作的挑战

Challenges of Kazakhstan's Industrial Agglomeration and Regional Division of Labor to China-Kazakhstan Capacity Cooperation

当前哈萨克斯坦有完善工业体系、实现经济多元化的强烈诉求,但我国对哈萨克斯坦工业集聚趋势和地区分工体系的研究比较薄弱。为此,借助空间基尼系数、区位熵和产业动态集聚、产业专业化指数等指标测算发现,现阶段哈萨克斯坦各地区工业专业化指数不高,油气采掘业在西部形成了以阿特劳州为主的区域集聚,制造业在空间上还没有形成集聚,制造业内部呈现明显的分化现象,以石油、金属和非金属为原料的加工制造业产业集聚度和专业化水平相对较高,但其它制造业行业的集聚度很低,呈现出相对劣势局面。显然,哈萨克斯坦工业集聚和专业化水平的现实情况对深化中哈产能合作形成了挑战,这些挑战主要表现为能源、资源领域产能合作过程的环保压力,非资源领域产能合作面临的高生产成本以及哈萨克斯坦国内营商环境对产能合作带来的隐性壁垒。

At present,Kazakhstan has a strong demand for improving industrial system and realizing economic diversification.However,China's research on Kazakhstan's industrial structure,industrial agglomeration trend and inter-regional division of labor system is relatively weak.Based on spatial Gini coefficient,location entropy,industrial dynamic agglomeration and industrial specialization index,it is found that industrial specialization index of Kazakhstan is not high at this stage.The oil and gas extraction industry has formed regional agglomeration in Atyrau region,but the manufacturing industry has not formed the agglomeration in space,and there is a clear differentiation within Kazakhstan's domestic manufacturing industry.The processing and manufacturing industries that use petroleum,metals and non-metals as raw materials have a high concentration of industries and a high level of specialization.But the industrial agglomeration of other manufacturing industries is pretty low and relatively disadvantageous.The reality of Kazakhstan's industrial agglomeration and specialization level poses a challenge to deepen the cooperation between China and Kazakhstan.These challenges are mainly manifested in the environmental pressure of capacity cooperation in energy and resources,the high production cost of capacity cooperation in non-resource areas and the hidden barriers to capacity cooperation brought by Kazakhstan's domestic political ecology.