扶贫政策可以改变教育的惯习吗?——基于跨阶层社会关系网络的质性研究

Do the Habitus of Poverty in Educational Field can Transform by Poverty Alleviation Policy?——A Qualitative Study of Inter-Class Social Network

“扶志”一直是世界各国教育扶贫的重要议题。本研究以社会关系网络的建立与运行机制为核心关切,借助布迪厄的建构结构主义理论分析中国精准扶贫政策对贫困人口教育惯习的影响,讨论扶贫政策在激发贫困人口内生动力中的作用。以中国西部地区的典型村落H为样本,通过目的性抽样选取该村落3户家庭为研究对象,发现:政策为跨阶层社会关系网络的建构提供了可能,后者可以带动贫困家庭教育惯习的转变,进而增强其子代在教育竞争中的筹码。但网络的建立并非随机,其强弱受交往双方特征的影响。干部是网络建立过程中主动的个体,其资本和情感的投入皆对网络建立有帮助。最后,本研究的结论拓展了布迪厄理论中对于惯习开放性的讨论,并为更好的贯彻落实精准教育扶贫政策提供建议。

How to develop the desire and will of poverty people is a very important policy issue of poverty alleviation around the world.This research focus on the inter-class social network with the perspective lens of Bourdieu,analyzes the relation between inter-class social network and poverty habitus in the educational field.Based on the fieldwork of three poverty fami-lies in a typical village H,this research shows how the inter-class social network builds with the capital and emotional in-vestment and how it transforms poverty family’s habitus in the educational field.Based on the empirical evidence,this re-search discusses the open nature of habitus and the policy implication in the Chinese context.