中欧标准必要专利比较研究与借鉴

Comparative Study and Reference of Chinese and European Standard Essential Patent

标准必要专利建立的目的是为了推广技术,使得技术产品具有兼容性和统一性,避免资源浪费,提高生产效率。标准必要专利具有社会公共属性,其本身具有标准的公益性与专利权的私有性相统合的特性。对中国和欧洲地区标准必要专利的立法、司法实践进行系统梳理和比较,可以为我国标准必要专利的立法和实践提供借鉴建议。对于标准必要专利的认定,应当充分考虑技术的不可替代性,同时考量法律保护的地域性和国际规则;标准必要专利许可费率的确定要对不同收费标准予以具体分析,尽量对许可费进行事前市场考量,减少主观认知偏差和事后判断产生的问题;另外可以借鉴欧洲国家司法经验,详细规定专利权人如何遵守FRAND原则的规范指南;市场地位的判定不仅需要考虑市场占有率,还应当结合时间要素判断;对于滥用市场地位的认定应当考察是否“具有滥用之恶意”。

The purpose of the establishment of standard essential patent is to popularize the technology,make the technical products compatible and uniform,avoid the waste of resources and improve the production efficiency.The standard essential patent has the social and public nature,which has the characteristics of the combination of the public interest of the standard and the private property of the patent right.This pap er systematically summarizes and compares the legislation and judicial practice of standard essential patent in China and Europe,which can provide reference and suggestions for the legislation and practice of standard essential patent in China.The identification of standard essential patent should take full account of the irreplaceability of technology and the regional and international rules of legal protection.The determination of the licensing rate of standard essential patent should be based on specific analysis of different charging rates,and the licensing fee should be considered as early as possible in advance of the market,so as to reduce the subjective cognitive bias and the problems arising from the postjudgment.In addition,we can draw lessons from the judicial experience of European countries,and provide detailed guidelines on how the patentee should abide by the FRAND principle.The judgment of market position should not only consider the market share,but also combine with the time factor.The determination of market position not only needs to consider the market share,but also should be combined with time factors,The determination of the abuse of market position should examine whether there is malicious to abuse.