政府补贴对地区生产率的影响评估

The Impact of Government Subsidies on Regional Productivity

本文采用广义倾向评分匹配(GPSM)方法,更为严谨地分析了政府补贴强度对地区生产率的影响。研究结果发现:(1)我国的地方政府更倾向于补贴技术创新水平更高或更具技术创新潜力的地区。同时,地方政府的补贴强度还受到政府支出的制约;(2)政府补贴强度与地区生产率之间呈现显著的“倒U型”非线性关系,即当政府的补贴强度小于临界值时,政府补贴能够显著地促进地区生产率的提升,而当政府补贴强度大于这一临界值时,政府补贴对地区生产率会产生显著的抑制作用。进一步分析影响机制发现,政府补贴能够通过提高集约边际下地区间的资源配置效率,进而提升地区的生产率,但同时也会通过抑制二元边际下地区间的资源配置效率而对地区生产率产生不利的影响。总的来看,在政府补贴强度较低时,政府补贴的正效应大于负效应,而当政府补贴强度超过其临界值时,政府补贴的负效应将更加明显。

based on the data of China's Industrial Enterprise Database from 1999 to 2013,this article takes advantage of the generalized propensity score matching(GPSM)method to analyze the impact of government subsidy intensity on regional productivity rigorously.The results show that:(1)the government is more inclined to subsidize the areas with higher technological innovation level or more technological innovation potential.At the same time,the subsidy intensity of local governments is also restricted by government expenditures;(2)there is a significant"inverted U-type"nonlinear relationship between government subsidy intensity and regional productivity,that is,when the government subsidy intensity is less than 16.2914,it can significantly promote the improvement of regional productivity,and when the government subsidy intensity is greater than this threshold,there is a significant inhibitory effect on regional productivity.Further influence mechanism found that government subsidies can improve the regional productivity by increasing the efficiency of resource allocation on the intensive margin,but at the same time,they will also have an adverse impact on regional productivity by suppressing the efficiency of resource allocation on the binary margin.In general,when the government subsidy intensity is low,the positive effect of government subsidies is greater than the negative effect,and when the government subsidy intensity exceeds its threshold,the negative effects of government subsidies will be more obvious.