美欧规制大型科技企业不正当竞争行为举措简析

A Brief Analysis in the U.S.and European Union to Regulate Unfair Competition of Big Tech

近几年,美欧围绕搜索引擎、社交媒体、在线零售服务等领域,聚焦垄断、侵犯数据隐私、规避税款等问题,频频对谷歌、苹果、脸书、亚马逊等科技巨头开展调查。近期,为维护消费者等利益相关方合法权益,促进市场公平竞争,美欧加紧推进立法,明确在线平台责任,加大对科技巨头规制力度。本文分析了美欧针对大型科技企业采取的相关规制举措,指出由于科技巨头商业模式复杂隐蔽,以及监管立场差异性,美欧相关规制措施成效仍有待观察。鉴于我国数字经济整体仍处于大而不强阶段,不宜照搬美欧监管模式,而应平衡规范与发展二元目标,既要加强规制,坚决反对垄断和不正当竞争行为,又应支持数字经济发展壮大,推动平台经济、共享经济平稳健康发展。

In recent years,the U.S.and Europe Union have frequently launched investigations into Amazon,Facebook,Apple,Google and other tech giants,focusing on issues such as monopoly,data privacy infringement and tax evasion in search engines,social media,online retail services and other fields.Recently,the U.S.and EU have stepped up legislation to clarify the responsibilities of online platforms and strengthen regulations on technology giants,so as to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and other stakeholders and promote fair market competition.This article analyzes the relevant regulatory measures taken by the U.S.and EU against large technology enterprises,and points out that the effectiveness of relevant regulatory measures in the U.S.and EU remain to be seen due to the complex and hidden business models of technology giants and the different regulatory positions.Considering the overall digital economy in China is still in the stage of"big but not strong",China should not copy regulatory model in the U.S.and EU,but seek balance between regulation and development.While it is necessary to consolidate the regulations in light of monopoly or inappropriate competition,supporting the development of digital economy,and promoting the steady and sustainable development of platform economy and sharing economy should also be taken into account.