生物质炭基肥料及作物施用技术研究进展

Research Progress in Biochar-based Fertilizer and Its Application Technology for Crops

随着生物质炭在农业领域的应用研究不断深入,以生物质炭为载体,与常规化学肥料或有机肥等材料结合的新型肥料—生物质炭基肥料(biochar-based fertilizer)的研制及其在农作物上的试验研究越来越多。相关研究表明,生物质炭基肥料具有诸多优点,如控释/缓释养分的释放、改善土壤理化性状、增强抗旱能力、减少养分资源的损失和提高肥料利用率等。深入挖掘生物质炭基肥料的环境友好性和资源节约性潜力日益受到重视。通过综合分析多年来公开发表的生物质炭基肥料试验研究文献,阐述了各种生物质炭基肥料的组配材料、造肥制粒配方与工艺技术,以及生物质炭基肥料在水稻、玉米、小麦、蔬菜、薯类、花生、大豆、烟草、棉花、牧草和果树等作物上的施用技术,尤其是生物质炭基肥料对作物生长发育、产量、农产品品质以及土壤的影响等方面的研究进展。根据试验研究中存在的问题及技术需求,提出今后生物质炭基肥料的研究设想,展望其在土壤环境、作物高产高效以及绿色生态等方面的系统研究方向。

With the development of the application of biochar in agriculture,more and more new fertilizers-biochar-based fertilizers(BF),which are based on biochar and combined with conventional chemical fertilizers or organic fertilizers,have been developed and tested on crops.Related researches have shown that,biochar-based fertilizer has the advantages of controlled-release/slow-release of nutrients,improving soil physical and chemical properties,strengthening drought-resistant capacity,reducing the loss of fertilizer nutrient resources and improving fertilizer utilization rate.It has been paid more attention to tap the environmental friendly and resource saving potential of biochar based fertilizer.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the published literature on biochar based fertilizer experiments,this paper expounds the composition materials,fertilizer formulation and granulation technology of various biochar based fertilizers,as well as the application effects of biochar-based fertilizers on rice,corn,wheat,vegetable,potato,peanut,soybean,tobacco,cotton,forage and fruit trees,especially research progress in the effects of biochar-based fertilizers on the growth,yield and quality of these crops and soil.According to the existing problems and technical requirements in the experimental research,the research ideas of biochar-based fertilizers in the future are put forward,and the comprehensive and systematic research direction on soil environment,high yield and high efficiency of crops and green ecology are prospected.