‘紫嫣’和‘紫娟’茶树花青素及主要生化成分季节性的变化

Seasonal Changes of Anthocyanins and Main Biochemical Components in‘Ziyan’and‘Zijuan’Tea Plants

以紫色茶树品种‘紫嫣’和‘紫娟’为材料,以绿色品种‘福鼎大白茶’为对照,探究不同季节紫色茶树新梢花青素及主要生化成分含量的变化。结果表明:春、夏、秋季‘紫嫣’和‘紫娟’花青素总量变化均表现为先升高再降低的趋势,且夏季含量最高,分别为129.83 mg/100 g和109.73 mg/100 g,花青素各组分的季节性变化规律与花青素总量基本一致。‘紫嫣’和‘紫娟’水浸出物、氨基酸和咖啡碱含量在春季最高,茶多酚含量在夏季最高,且不同季节间差异显著。与‘福鼎大白茶’相比,‘紫嫣’和‘紫娟’中茶多酚、儿茶素和花青素含量较高。‘紫嫣’和‘紫娟’氨基酸组分中,茶氨酸占总量比例最高,分别为52.13%和59.13%;儿茶素组分中,表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)含量最高,且酯型儿茶素含量显著高于简单儿茶素。综合结果显示,‘紫嫣’和‘紫娟’春梢具有适制绿茶、夏梢适制红茶的物质基础。

In this study,‘Ziyan’and‘Zijuan’were used as the materials to explore the changes of anthocyanin and main biochemical components in new shoots of purple tea plants in different seasons.The results showed that the total anthocyanin content of‘Ziyan’and‘Zijuan’increased first and then decreased in spring,summer and autumn,and the highest content in summer was 129.83 mg/100 g and 109.73 mg/100 g,respectively.And the seasonal variation of anthocyanin components was basically consistent with the total anthocyanin content.The content of water extracts,amino acids and caffeine of‘Ziyan’and‘Zijuan’was the highest in spring,while the content of tea polyphenols was the highest in summer,and there were significant differences between different seasons.Compared with Fudingdabai tea,‘Ziyan’and‘Zijuan’contained more polyphenols,catechins and anthocyanins.Among‘Ziyan’and‘Zijuan’amino acids,theanine accounted for the highest proportion,52.13%and 59.13%respectively;among catechins,EGCG was the highest,and the content of ester catechins was significantly higher than that of simple catechins.In general,the spring shoots of‘Ziyan’and‘Zijuan’have the material basis for making green tea while the summer shoots for making black tea.