纯电动汽车冬季冷启动阶段热管理策略影响续驶里程分析

Influence of Thermal Management Strategy on Driving Range of Pure Electric Vehicle During Cold Start in Winter

针对纯电动汽车冬季续驶里程严重衰减的问题,本文通过建立以电池产热、空调负荷为参数的汽车续驶里程数学模型,仿真分析冬季冷启动时,美国高速公路燃料经济性测试工况(HWFET)、新欧洲行驶工况(NEDC)、中国乘用车行驶工况(CLTC-P)三种行驶工况下热泵供暖及环境温度(AT)、舱内温度(CT)对整车续驶里程和车载电池的影响。经与实测数据进行对比,仿真与实验匹配度较好。研究结果表明:三种工况下,AT下降、CT上升均使续驶里程逐渐衰减;AT为0℃,CT为15、20、25℃时,CLTC-P工况续驶里程分别衰减21.46%、27.74%、33.19%;纯电动汽车冷启动时,三种热量分配策略对续驶里程影响不同,当热泵热量全部用于加热电池时能适当恢复电池电量,在NEDC和CLTC-P工况下,电池最大荷电状态(SOC)相比初始SOC增加了1.52%、2.03%,使用热泵能增加一定的续航里程。

The driving range of pure electric vehicles(PEVs)significantly decreases in winter.In this study,a mathematical model of vehicle driving range considering the heat production of the battery and the load of the air conditioning was established to simulate and analyze the influence of heat pump heating,ambient temperature(AT)and cabin temperature(CT)on the driving range and the vehicle battery during the cold start under three driving conditions,namely,highway fuel economy test(HWFET)、new European driving cycle(NEDC)、China light-duty vehicle test cycle for passenger car(CLTC-P).Compared with the measured data,the simulation and experiment match well.The results show that the driving range decreases gradually with the decrease of AT and the increase of CT under three driving conditions.When the AT is 0℃and the CT is 15℃,20℃,and 25℃,the driving range of the China CLTC-P standard decreases by 21.46%,27.74%,and 33.19%,respectively.The influences of three heat distribution strategies on driving range are different during the cold start of PEVs.During the cold start,when all the heat of heat pump is used to heat the battery,the battery power can be recovered properly.Under the driving conditions of NEDC and CLTC-P,the maximum state of charge(SOC)of the battery increases by 1.52%and 2.03%compared with the initial SOC.The driving range can be increased to a certain extent by using the heat pump.