60米级省水船闸输水阀门段空化特性及防空化措施

Cavitation characteristics and resistance measures of filling and emptying valve of 60 m-class water-saving ship lock

通过恒定流减压箱模型试验,针对60米级省水船闸充、泄水阀门段的空化特性进行研究。明确了阀门段空化源,计算不同开度的空化数,获得空化范围、空化形态和空化强度,并提出掺气减蚀的防空化措施,推荐了合理的掺气量。试验结果表明,采用阀门门楣自然通气能抑制门楣及底缘空化、采用阀后突扩体跌坎强迫通气措施能充分抑制跌坎和升坎空化,两项通气措施相结合能够有效解决60米级省水船闸充、泄水阀门段的空化问题。

Based on the vacuum tank experiments,the cavitation characteristics of the filling and emptying valve of the water-saving ship lock with a water head of 60 m-class were studied.Through model tests,the cavitation source was ascertained,and the cavitation number under each opening degree was calculated.The cavitation range,cavitation form,and cavitation strength were also obtained.The defense measures for reducing cavitation erosion by aeration were put forward,and the reasonable aeration amount was recommended.The test results showed that automatic natural aeration at top-sealing sill of valve could suppress cavitation of itself and valve lip effectively,and forced aeration at drop-sill could reduce the cavitation occurred on drop-sill and upward slope of enlargement culvert.The combination of the two aeration measures could effectively solve the cavitation problem in the filling and emptying valve section of 60 m-class water-saving ship lock.